Wet-Chemical Syntheses (WeChemSyn) Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: wcso-full.owl
creator: Bernd Bayerlein
creator: Markus Schilling
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3383-9999
creator: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7960-3666
description: DieWet-Chemical Syntheses (WeChemSyn) Ontology (WCSO) bietet einen semantischen Rahmen für die strukturierte Darstellung von Wissen über die nass-chemische Synthese von (Nano)Partikeln. Die WCSO wurde an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) in Berlin entwickelt und unterstützt die Formalisierung und Integration von Daten zur nass-chemischen Synthese über experimentelle Arbeitsabläufe, Prozesse und Materialeigenschaften hinweg. Sie baut auf der PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) auf. Die PMDco ist ein Mid-Level-Ontologie, die im Rahmen des Projekts Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) entwickelt wurde und die auf der Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) basiert. Durch die Verwendung der BFO als grundlegende (top-level) Ontologie gewährleistet die WCSO die semantische Interoperabilität mit einer Vielzahl von BFO-konformen Ontologien und Wissensgraphen im Bereich der Materialwissenschaften und Werkstofftechnik. @de
description: The Wet-Chemical Syntheses (WeChemSyn) Ontology (WCSO) provides a semantic framework for the structured representation of knowledge related to the wet-chemical syntheses of (nano) particles. Developed at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) / Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing in Berlin, Germany, WCSO supports the formalization and integration of data related to wet-chemical synthesis across experimental workflows, processes, and material properties. It builds upon the PMD Core Ontology (PMDco), a mid-level ontology created within the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) project which is grounded in the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). By adhering to BFO as a foundational (top-level) ontology, WCSO ensures semantic interoperability with a wide range of BFO-aligned ontologies and knowledge graphs in the materials science and engineering domain.
dcterms:license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
version info: 2026-04-20

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

textual definition
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
textual definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
label: definition

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
textual definition: formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

curator note
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user

term tracker item
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
textual definition: An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
definition source: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
comment: The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.

term replaced by
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
comment: Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology

Source
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived.

dcterms:license
type: AnnotationProperty

has cross-reference
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string
textual definition: An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/123
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779
created: 2024-03-18

has exact synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20

label
type: AnnotationProperty

isInMinimalProfile
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Indicates whether the ontology element is part of the minimal profile of the ontology. Useful for modularization, simplified views, or lightweight implementations.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/121
range: boolean

pattern example
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An editor note referring to a pattern which shows the usage of this class or property.
sub property of: editor note

term tracker annotation
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: A term tracker annotation is an editor note used to track the history of an entity. For each change, it records the related GitHub issue and pull request.
editor note: hijacked from http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00020426
sub property of: editor note

abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A textual annotation used to specify a commonly accepted abbreviation, acronym, or shortened form of a class label. This property is intended to support concise referencing of ontology classes, especially when standard abbreviations are widely used in practice.
example: "DNA" for "Deoxyribonucleic Acid"
sub property of: altLabel

part of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
example of usage: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
textual definition: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
editor note: Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.

has part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
example of usage: this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
textual definition: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
editor note: Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
label: realized in
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
textual definition: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
definition: (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart

preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
textual definition: x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
definition: b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
example: The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
textual definition: x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
definition: (Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
example: The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: environs
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
definition: b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
example: A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
example: First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
inverse of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
example: Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday

has proper occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: proper occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical
example: As for has occurrent part.

has temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: temporal part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
example: Your life has temporal part the first year of your life

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
example: Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent part of
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated target: part of
comment: "occurrent part of" is not a BFO2020 temporalized relation. It just restricts the domain and range to "occurrent". That's why is should be OK to make it sub property of RO "part of"

proper temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporal part of
inverse of: has proper temporal part
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c)
example: As for temporal part of.

proper occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical
example: As for occurrent part of.

temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
example: Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game

temporally projects onto
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
example: The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle

has proper temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has temporal part
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b
example: As for has temporal part.

environs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
definition: b environs c =Def c occurs in b
example: Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic

history of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has history
type: FunctionalProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: history
range: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
example: This life is the history of this organism

has history
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: history
definition: b has history c =Def c history of b
example: This organism has history this life

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: temporal region
definition: p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
example: The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945

occupies spatiotemporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
example: A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory

first instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has first instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
example: An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday

has first instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
example: The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31

last instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has last instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
example: Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday

has last instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
example: The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31

intended to realize
type: ObjectProperty

has measurement unit label
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: FunctionalProperty
range: measurement unit label

is about
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is subject of
domain: information content entity
example of usage: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
textual definition: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
editor note: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: denoted by
domain: information content entity
range: entity
example of usage: A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
textual definition: A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
editor note: 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
definition source: Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan

is quality measurement of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: is quality measured as
domain: measurement datum
textual definition: m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
editor note: From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
editor note: From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
editor note: From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input.
editor note: This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: information content entity
textual definition: inverse of the relation 'denotes'
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/206

is quality measured as
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship

is quality specification of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: quality is specified as
textual definition: A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality.

quality is specified as
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: inverse of the relation of is quality specification of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship

has specified input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified input of
domain: completely executed planned process
example of usage: see is_input_of example_of_usage
textual definition: The inverse property of is specified input of
editor note: 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.

is specified input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: completely executed planned process
example of usage: some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
textual definition: A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.

has specified output
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is specified output of
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified output of
domain: completely executed planned process
textual definition: The inverse property of is specified output of

is_manufactured_by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: manufacturer
example of usage: http://www.affymetrix.com/products/arrays/specific/hgu133.affx is_manufactered_by http://www.affymetrix.com/ (if we decide to use these URIs for the actual entities)
textual definition: c is_manufactured_by o means that there was a process p in which c was built in which a person, or set of people or machines did the work(bore the "Manufacturer Role", and those people/and or machines were members or of directed by the organization to do this.

is specified output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: completely executed planned process
textual definition: A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.

achieves_planned_objective
type: ObjectProperty
domain: completely executed planned process
range: objective specification
example of usage: A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
textual definition: This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
definition source: PPPB branch derived
curator note: modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch
pattern example: https://github.com/search

specifies value of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: specified by value
domain: value specification
textual definition: A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.

has value specification
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
domain: information content entity
range: value specification
textual definition: A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
definition source: OBI

characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has characteristic
type: FunctionalProperty
example of usage: this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
example of usage: this red color is a characteristic of this apple
textual definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
comment: Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.

has characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: this apple is bearer of this red color
example of usage: this vase is bearer of this fragility
textual definition: Inverse of characteristic_of
editor note: A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
domain: continuant
range: occurrent
example of usage: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
example of usage: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
example of usage: this investigator participates in this investigation
textual definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: continuant
property chain axiom: has part
example of usage: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
example of usage: this investigation has participant this investigator
example of usage: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
textual definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editor note: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
textual definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.
textual definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
textual definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
textual definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.

function of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has function
domain: function
example of usage: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
textual definition: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has quality
domain: Class
  intersection of: quality
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: relational quality
example of usage: this red color is a quality of this apple
textual definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

role of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has role
example of usage: this investigator role is a role of this person
textual definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

has function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: function
example of usage: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
range: quality
example of usage: this apple has quality this red color
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: role
example of usage: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
inverse of: disposition of
domain: independent continuant
range: disposition
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
textual definition: inverse of has disposition
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

derives from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: derives into
example of usage: this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
example of usage: this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
textual definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.

derives into
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
example of usage: this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
textual definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my head is the location of my brain
example of usage: this cage is the location of this rat
textual definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

located in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: independent continuant
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: independent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
property chain axiom: part of
example of usage: my brain is located in my head
example of usage: this rat is located in this cage
textual definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

simultaneous with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
textual definition: x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time.
comment: t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2)

starts
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: starts with
textual definition: inverse of starts with
definition source: Allen

starts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
textual definition: x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

ends
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: ends with
textual definition: inverse of ends with

ends with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
textual definition: x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: input of
domain: process
property chain axiom: starts with
textual definition: p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: output of
property chain axiom: ends with
textual definition: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.

member of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: has member
example of usage: An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
textual definition: is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
definition source: SIO

has member
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: IrreflexiveProperty
textual definition: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
definition source: SIO

input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
textual definition: inverse of has input

output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
textual definition: inverse of has output

assay measures characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: characteristic measured by assay
range: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: A mass measurement assay measures an material's mass characteristic. A radioactivity detection assay measures the amount of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma ray emmissions) coming from a material.
textual definition: A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic.

characteristic measured by assay
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
textual definition: Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic'

executes
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: concretizes
textual definition: relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
definition source: AGB

has member
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: member of
domain: Organization
range: Agent
label: ha membro @it
label: possède un membre @fr
label: tiene miembro @es

member of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Organization
label: es miembro de @es
label: membre de @fr
label: membro di @it

is subject of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'is about'.

has process attribute
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: process attribute of
domain: process
range: process attribute
see also: has process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000500
definition: A relation between a process and a process attribute that depends on it.
example: Tensile testing process has process attribute tensile rate

has state
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is state of
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: temporally qualified continuant
range: temporally qualified continuant
definition: relates an anchor continuant to a temporally qualified continuant that represents a specific temporal phase of its existence.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185

is state of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of

specified by value
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
definition: A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity.

complies with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
domain: independent continuant
range: information content entity
label: entspricht @de
definition: complies with is a relation between an independent continuant and an information content entity (e.g., specification or objective) that it conforms to.

in response to
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: responds with
definition: inverse of responds with

responds with
type: ObjectProperty
domain: realizable entity
definition: The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.

interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: A relation between participants of a process indicating that some of the participants SDCs are affected during the process due to the interaction of the participants.

causally influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interacts with
domain: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: stimulus role
range: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: stimulation target role
definition: An entity (that is bearer of some stimulation role) causally influences another entity (that is bearer of the stimulation target role) in a process iff the target objects qualites (and/or realizable entities?) are altered in a manner that is significant in the given context/domain of discourse..

refers to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process attribute
range: specifically dependent continuant
comment: Despite has characteristic from RO does not have any domain constraints, it is still not possible to directly connect an instance of a process with an instance of a SDC. First, SDC is dependent on a IC. As RO does not have "bearer of" object property, the "has characteristic" implies that the domain should be an IC. Second, characteristic of is a functional property. Thus, two triples SDC_1 characteristc of IC_1 and SDC_2 characteristc of Process_1 (where IC_1 participates in Process_1), cannot exist simultaneously. An example of such case can be "Temperature of during the annealing process was 1000°C". Temperature is an SDC of some participant of the annealing, however it is not clear whether it is an SDC of an oven or of a sample in the oven. If we assert triple Annealing--> has characteristic --> Temperature 1000°C, then the correct triple connecting temperature SDC with either oven or specimen cannot exist.
definition: a relation between a process attribute and an SDC of some participant in a process
example: a relation to between a process attribute an a SDC of some participant in a process.

process attribute of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relation between a process attribute and a process, which "bears" the attribute.
example: Tensile rate is a process attribute of tensile test

changes quality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: quality
definition: indicates that a process changes a quality

has relational quality
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: relational quality of
domain: independent continuant
range: relational quality
property chain axiom: has part
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a relational quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: material has relational quality mass proportion m, and portion of iron has the same relational quality mass proportion m

relational quality of
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: part of
editor note: The 'relational quality of' is more strict that 'quality of' from RO, since domain is 'relational quality'. The motivtion to introduce an object property for relational qualities is the following: RO's 'quality of' is functional i.e., a->b, a->c => b=c. The functionality is relevant for most of the SDC -> IC triples, expect for relational qualities, which per definiton can be simultaneously inherited in >=2 ICs. Thus, 'relational quality of' has the same intention to connect SDC to IC, however, without cardinality constraints.
definition: a relation between a relational quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of material, and the same mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of portion of iron

acts on behalf of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
range: Class
  union of: Person
  union of: organization
  union of: Class
    intersection of: object aggregate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has member
      some values from: Person
definition: relation from a material entity to a person or a group of agents or engineered system that holds when the material entity participates in some planned process in order to fulfill an objective for the person or group of agents or engineered system

has specified numeric value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has specified value
domain: value specification
textual definition: A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
editor note: A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning.
definition source: OBI

has specified value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: value specification
textual definition: A relation between a value specification and a literal.
editor note: This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject.
definition source: OBI

in XSD Date-Time
type: DatatypeProperty
label: en fecha-tiempo XSD @es
definition: Posición de un instante, expresado utilizando xsd:dateTime. @es
definition: Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:dateTime

has url
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A relation between an information content entity and its specific url.

has value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: information content entity
definition: data property that relates an information content entity to a literal

has parameter position
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
range: int
definition: specifies the position of a parameter in a programming function

has default literal value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
definition: specifies a default value

entity
type: Class
definition: (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
example: Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: continuant
disjoint with: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
example: A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: continuant
definition: (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
example: As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: independent continuant
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
example: An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
example: As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
example: As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region

two-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space

spatiotemporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
example: The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: process
definition: (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
example: An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
definition: (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
example: An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: realizable entity
disjoint with: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
example: The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity

zero-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
example: The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
example: The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
example: (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
example: (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
example: The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
example: The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body

one-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
example: An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
example: The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank

three-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
example: A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
example: An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: generically dependent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
example: The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
example: The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity

process boundary
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
definition: p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
example: The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life

one-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: Class
    union of: one-dimensional temporal region
    union of: zero-dimensional temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: one-dimensional temporal region
disjoint with: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
example: The temporal region during which a process occurs

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
disjoint with: immaterial entity
textual definition: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
editor note: Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
definition: (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
example: A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings

continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
definition: b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site

fiat line
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
example: The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin

relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
example: A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another

fiat surface
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
example: The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant

fiat point
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
example: The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system

zero-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
example: A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident

history
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: (Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
example: The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence

temporal interval
type: Class
subclass of: one-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
example: The year 2018.

temporal instant
type: Class
subclass of: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
example: The millennium

metalloid atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
textual definition: An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.

fluoride
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity

iron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.

manganese atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

flerovium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A carbon group element atom with a symbol Fl and atomic number 114.

nihonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A boron group element atom with a symbol Nh and atomic number 113.

moscovium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A pnictogen atom with a symbol Mc and atomic number 115.

livermorium atom
type: Class
subclass of: chalcogen
textual definition: A chalcogen atom with a symbol Lv and atomic number 116.

tennessine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
textual definition: A halogen atom with a symbol Ts and atomic number 117.

oganesson atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
textual definition: A p-block element atom with a symbol Og and atomic number 118.

bromine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

cadmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

calcium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

chlorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
textual definition: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.

fluorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

chemical entity
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
textual definition: A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.

group
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
textual definition: A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.

iodine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
textual definition: Chemical element with atomic number 53.

lead atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

magnesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

mercury atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

nitrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

nonmetal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom

oxygen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
subclass of: chalcogen

potassium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

sodium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

sulfur atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
subclass of: chalcogen

tin atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

uranium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

zinc atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

boron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

arsenic atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom

selenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
subclass of: chalcogen

silicon atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

carbon atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

cobalt atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.

vanadium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

tungsten
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

chromium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.

nickel atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.

phosphorus atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

molybdenum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

copper atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

aluminium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

gold atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

ethylene group
type: Class
subclass of: group

lithium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

diboron trioxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
textual definition: A boron oxide with formula B2O3.

aluminium oxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity

helium atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

astatine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

indium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.

thallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek θαλλοσ, a green shoot).

germanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

tellurium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: chalcogen

beryllium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.

silver atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

antimony atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom

caesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

silicon dioxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
textual definition: A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.

ruthenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

osmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

calcium oxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
textual definition: A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio.

sodium hydroxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity

barium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

europium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
textual definition: A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.

bismuth atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

chalcogen
type: Class
subclass of: atom
textual definition: Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.

neon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

polonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: chalcogen
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).

radon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

lanthanoid atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rubidium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

francium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

strontium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

radium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

scandium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

yttrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

lanthanum atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

actinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

titanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

zirconium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

hafnium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

niobium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rutherfordium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

tantalum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

dubnium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

seaborgium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

technetium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

bohrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

hassium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rhodium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.

meitnerium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

palladium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.

platinum
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

darmstadtium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

roentgenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281.

cerium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

neodymium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

promethium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

samarium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

gadolinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

terbium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

dysprosium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

erbium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

thulium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

ytterbium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

lutetium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

thorium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

protactinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

neptunium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

plutonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

americium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

curium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

berkelium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

californium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

einsteinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

fermium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

mendelevium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

nobelium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

lawrencium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

copernicium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010.

metal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
textual definition: An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.

macromolecule
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: material entity
textual definition: A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.

tetraphosphorus decaoxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity

argon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

gallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.

hydrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

holmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

iridium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

krypton atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

praseodymium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

rhenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

xenon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

polyurethane macromolecule
type: Class
subclass of: macromolecule
textual definition: A homopolymer macromolecule composed of units connected by carbamate (-O-CO-NH-) linkages.

chemical substance
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
subclass of: portion of matter
textual definition: A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
comment: Frequently used for fluidic portions of matter and/or in the context of chemical reactions. Boundary to material not always sharp.

pure substance
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
textual definition: A pure substance is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, which are all of the same kind.
example: Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. In contrast, salt water 'has part' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'has part' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polymerisation monomer
type: Class
subclass of: role
textual definition: Any compound used as a monomer for a polymerisation process. The term is generally used in relation to industrial polymerisation processes.

lead oxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
textual definition: An inorganic lead salt composed from lead(2+) and oxide.

completely executed planned process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: plan
disjoint with: failed planned process
disjoint with: biological_process

planned process
type: Class
subclass of: process
disjoint with: material reacting process
textual definition: A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification.

failed planned process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process

biological_process
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: process
textual definition: A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
label: biological process

measurement unit label
type: Class
subclass of: datum label
example of usage: Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
textual definition: A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term.
editor note: 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example of usage: In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
textual definition: A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
editor note: 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
editor note: 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
editor note: Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
definition source: OBI_0000217

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example of usage: Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
textual definition: A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch

datum label
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
textual definition: A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
editor note: http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch#4n
curator note: 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum.

software
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
textual definition: Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit.
editor note: see sourceforge tracker discussion at http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1958818&group_id=177891&atid=886178
definition source: GROUP: OBI

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
textual definition: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
editor note: 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
editor note: 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
editor note: 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
editor note: JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
editor note: 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/

symbol
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: a serial number such as "12324X"
example of usage: a stop sign
example of usage: a written proper name such as "OBI"
textual definition: An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
editor note: 20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
editor note: 2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154).
definition source: based on Oxford English Dictionary

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
example of usage: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
textual definition: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
editor note: 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
editor note: Pier: 'data, information or knowledge'. OR 'representation'
editor note: information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
definition source: OBI_0000142

directive information entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: realizable entity
textual definition: An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
editor note: Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan

data format specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example of usage: you might consinder EDAM formats as sublasses here http://edamontology.org/format_1915
textual definition: A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: term imported from OBI_0000187, which had original definition "A data format specification is a plan which organizes information. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file"
definition source: OBI branch derived
definition source: OBI_0000187

data set
type: Class
subclass of: data item
example of usage: Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).
textual definition: A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
editor note: 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type
editor note: 2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction.
definition source: OBI_0000042
definition source: group:OBI

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: action specification
example of usage: PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
textual definition: A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
editor note: 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231.
editor note: Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
definition source: OBI_0000344
comment: 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them

measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value specification
  some values from: value specification
example of usage: Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
textual definition: A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
editor note: 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
definition source: OBI_0000305
definition source: group:OBI

version number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
textual definition: A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name.
editor note: Note: we feel that at the moment we are happy with a general version number, and that we will subclass as needed in the future. For example, see 7. genome sequence version

textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities
textual definition: A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
editor note: AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc.
editor note: MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities.

document
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
textual definition: A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole

publication
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: document
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    all values from: publishing process
subclass of: document
example of usage: journal article, newspaper story, book, etc.
textual definition: A document that is the output of a publishing process.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/232
comment: Revisit the term in Octorber 2020. Improve the defintion.

publishing process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
textual definition: A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free.
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishing
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/232

software method
type: Class
subclass of: software
textual definition: A software method (also called subroutine, subprogram, procedure, method, function, or routine) is software designed to execute a specific task.
definition source: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80

identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: identifier creating process
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: identifier creating process
textual definition: An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237
comment: Sep 29, 2016: The current definition has been amended from the previous version: "A proper name is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity." to more accuratly reflect the necessary and sufficient condition on the class. (MB)
isInMinimalProfile: true

identifier creating process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: completely executed planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: identifier
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: identifier
textual definition: A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237

Homo sapiens
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
label: homo sapiens

obsolete planned process
type: Class
example of usage: Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
textual definition: A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
editor note: 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
editor note: PMDco : migration: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/269
editor note: We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
definition source: branch derived
curator note: 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
curator note: This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
term replaced by: completely executed planned process
deprecated: true

evaluant role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: assay
example of usage: When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
textual definition: a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
editor note: Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
editor note: examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
definition source: OBI
curator note: Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.

assay
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: data item
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is about
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: achieves_planned_objective
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: Class
    union of: quality
    union of: material property
example of usage: Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
textual definition: A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
editor note: 12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
editor note: Discussion on OBI call 2023-05-01 resulted in an agreement to revise the textual definition of 'assay'. https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1683.
definition source: OBI branch derived

investigation agent role
type: Class
subclass of: role
example of usage: The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress.
textual definition: A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing.
editor note: Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen.
editor note: Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
definition source: OBI
curator note: Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
comment: Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)

organization
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
example of usage: PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
textual definition: An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
editor note: BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now.
definition source: GROUP: OBI

plan
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: plan specification
example of usage: The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
textual definition: A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a completely executed planned process.
editor note: This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc.
definition source: branch derived

mechanical function
type: Class
subclass of: function
textual definition: A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force).
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_work

manufacturer role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: organization
example of usage: With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role.
textual definition: Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
definition source: OBI

manufacturer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: manufacturer role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: manufacturer role
textual definition: A person or organization that has a manufacturer role.

categorical value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
textual definition: A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories

scalar value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified numeric value
  min cardinality: 1
textual definition: A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label

value specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
textual definition: An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
editor note: This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.

determination if assay will provide reliable results
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
textual definition: A planned process that is used to assess whether an assay will provide reliable results based on the conditions or qualities of the inputs, devices, and other participants of the assay.
definition source: OBI

validation
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
example of usage: PMID: 18557814 . Chemical and genetic validation of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase as a drug target in African trypanosomes. Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jun 16.
textual definition: a planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results
definition source: adapted from wordnet (wkipedia)

unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
textual definition: A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality.

Axiom
annotated source: unit
annotated property: textual definition
annotated target: A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia

time unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit
textual definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
has exact synonym: time derived unit

Axiom
annotated source: time unit
annotated property: textual definition
annotated target: A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia

mole fraction
type: Class
subclass of: mole fraction based unit
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution.
has exact synonym: (x)
has exact synonym: chi

mass percentage
type: Class
subclass of: mass percentage based unit
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture.
has exact synonym: w/w
has exact synonym: weight-weight percentage

mass volume percentage
type: Class
subclass of: mass volume percentage based unit
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture.
has exact synonym: (w/v)
has exact synonym: weight-volume percentage

mole fraction based unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit

mass percentage based unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit

mass volume percentage based unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit

Formal Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Organization
label: Organisation Formelle @fr
label: Organizzazione formale @it
label: organización formal @es

Organization
type: Class
equivalent class: Organization
subclass of: Agent
disjoint with: Role
label: Organisation @fr
label: Organizzazione @it
label: organización @es

Endeavour
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: Organization
subclass of: Organization
label: Collaborazione @it
label: Partenariat @fr
label: proyecto de cooperación empresarial @es

Role
type: Class
subclass of: Concept
label: Ruolo @it
label: Rôle @fr
label: actividad @es

Agent
type: Class

Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
disjoint with: Person

Person
type: Class
subclass of: Agent

file data item
type: Class
subclass of: data item
comment: A file data item is a data item that represents a file stored on a hard drive. It might also include essential attributes like its name, location, download URL, size, type, and timestamps for creation, modification, and access. It might also capture permissions and ownership details to control how the file can be accessed or modified.

material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: portion of matter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: material property
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: intensive quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: process
comment: Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a manufacturing process may be (subclasses of) objects that bear a 'blank role' in the context of the manufacturing process.
comment: Material is defined in terms of the three main perspectives that material specifications rely on: the structure of the material ("intensive quality"), the performance of the material ("behavoiral material property") and the processing the material must have undergone ("output of some process"). When defining specific materials/material taxonomies, these three aspects shall be taken into account in the aristotelian ("per genus et differentiam") as differentiation.
comment: The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
label: Material @de
alternative label: Portion of Material
definition: A material is a portion of matter that may participate in some manufacturing process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the manufacturing process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

portion of matter
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
comment: It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
comment: Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
definition: A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.
isInMinimalProfile: true

engineered material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: manufacturing process
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: manufacturing process
comment: We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
definition: An engineered material is a material that is output of a manufacturing process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

material property
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: stimulating process
comment: A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) Technical materials are complex aggregates. Many properties that are determined for those aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property. Extensive properties that depend on the object being tested rather than on the portion of matter are (extensive) object- or system-properties.
definition: a disposition of a portion of matter that is realized in a compatible process and whose realization is grounded in the portions intensive qualities
isInMinimalProfile: true

Axiom
annotated source: material property
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
comment: Due to the duality of object and portion of matter this axiom can not be an equivalent class axiom.

vector field specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
editor note: also see "The Ontology of Fields" - Report of a specialist meeting held under the auspices of the varenius project: Donna Peuquet, Barry Smith, and Berit Brogaard; Bar Harbor, Maine 1998
definition: Vector field specification is a value specification that represents an assignment of a vector to each point in a discretized spatial region.

process attribute
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
editor note: an attribute of a process
comment: Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
see also: process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00030019
version info: Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property
alternative label: process characteristic
definition: a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
example: Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process
isInMinimalProfile: true

workflow function
type: Class
subclass of: software method
definition: A plan specification representing a callable software method that prescribes a specific computational action, including execution instructions and a defined set of input and output specifications.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

workflow node
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      union of: input assignment
      union of: output assignment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: workflow function
definition: A computing process that executes a workflow function within a workflow run, consuming input data and producing output data according to the function’s specifications.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

workflow definition
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that prescribes the ordered application of one or more workflow functions, including their interconnections via input and output specifications, in order to achieve a specified computational objective.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

parameter specification
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: directive information entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: data item
definition: A directive information entity that specifies a parameter required or produced by a workflow function, including its intended role, position, and constraints.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

input specification
type: Class
subclass of: parameter specification
definition: A parameter specification that prescribes a data item required as input for the execution of a workflow function.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

output specification
type: Class
subclass of: parameter specification
definition: A parameter specification that prescribes a data item intended to be produced as output by the execution of a workflow function.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

workflow run
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: workflow definition
definition: A computing process that realizes a workflow definition by executing its prescribed workflow nodes in a concrete temporal order, consuming and producing specific data items.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

simulation entity role
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has realization
    some values from: simulation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: simulation process
definition: Simulation entity role is a role that inheres in an independent continuant (IC) and is realized in a simulation process. This role enables the IC to participate in the simulation as a proxy, model, or representative of a real or hypothetical entity within the simulated context

melting process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: change of aggregate state
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: melt
label: Schmelzprozess @de
definition: Ein Schmelzvorgang ist ein thermisch induzierter Prozess, bei dem ein festes Material einen Phasenübergang in einen flüssigen Zustand erfährt. Er beinhaltet die Absorption von Wärme und findet bei oder oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Materials statt. @de
definition: a thermally induced change of aggregate state during which a solid material undergoes a phase transition into a liquid state. It involves the absorption of heat and occurs at or above the material's melting point.
example: The process of melting aluminum ingots in preparation for extrusion.

heating function
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change function
label: Heizfunktion @de
definition: A temperature change function that, when realized, enables a system or device to increase the thermal energy of a material, typically to reach temperatures required for processing, transformation, or reaction.
definition: Eine Heizfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die ein System oder Gerät in die Lage versetzt, die Wärmeenergie eines Materials zu erhöhen, um die für die Verarbeitung, Umwandlung oder Reaktion erforderlichen Temperaturen zu erreichen. @de
example: The function of a resistance heater in a vacuum furnace.

cooling function
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change function
label: Kühlfunktion @de
definition: A temperature change function that enables a system or device to lower the temperature of a material, often to control solidification or maintain a stable state below a desired thermal threshold.
definition: Eine Kühlfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die es einem System oder Gerät ermöglicht, die Temperatur eines Materials zu senken, häufig um die Erstarrung zu steuern oder einen stabilen Zustand unterhalb eines gewünschten thermischen Schwellenwerts aufrechtzuerhalten. @de
example: The function of a water-cooled mold to solidify molten metal in casting.

melting furnace
type: Class
subclass of: heat treatment device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: furnace
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: melting function
comment: An electric arc furnace used in steelmaking.
label: Schmelzofen @de
definition: A melting furnace is a device that bears a melting function, typically designed to raise the temperature of a solid material to initiate and sustain its transformation into a melt.
definition: Ein Schmelzofen ist ein Gerät, das eine Schmelzfunktion hat und in der Regel dazu dient, die Temperatur eines festen Materials zu erhöhen, um seine Umwandlung in eine Schmelze einzuleiten und aufrechtzuerhalten. @de

melting function
type: Class
subclass of: heating function
label: Schmelzfunktion @de
definition: A heating function that, when realized, enables a device or system to initiate or sustain the phase transition of a solid material into a liquid by raising its temperature above the melting point.
definition: Eine Schmelzfunktion ist eine Heizfunktion, die es einem Gerät oder System ermöglicht, den Phasenübergang eines festen Materials in eine Flüssigkeit einzuleiten oder aufrechtzuerhalten, indem seine Temperatur über den Schmelzpunkt angehoben wird. @de
example: The function of an induction coil in a furnace to heat metal until it melts.

input assignment
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process boundary
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: information content entity
definition: Input assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as input to the computing process
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278

output assignment
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process boundary
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: information content entity
definition: Output assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as output to the computing process
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278

temporally qualified continuant
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: exists at
    some values from: temporal region
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is state of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: independent continuant
      intersection of: Class
        complement of: temporally qualified continuant
subclass of: independent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: exists at
  some values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is state of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: temporally qualified continuant
editor note: For any temporally qualified continuant x@t, there exists a continuant y such that x@t has_state y, meaning that y is the anchor continuant of which x@t is a temporal phase existing at temporal regions t. The relation has_state is functional and signifies that all such temporally qualified continuants are uniquely associated with their basic anchor continuant.
definition: A temporally qualified continuant is a continuant that, by reference to a determinate temporal region, is such as to possess its properties only for so long as that period obtains, being otherwise in its essentiality unchanged.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185

mold
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: mould
definition: A device consisting of a hollowed-out cavity that shapes fluid or plastic material into a specific form through the process of solidification or cooling.

function name
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: workflow function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value
  some values from: Literal
definition: A textual entity that denotes a workflow function
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/280

import path
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: workflow function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value
  some values from: Literal
definition: A textual entity that denotes a workflow function via import resolution rules
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/280

hardening
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
alternative label: toughening
definition: A manufacturing process that increases the strength and hardness of a material.

ion-exchange hardening
type: Class
subclass of: hardening
definition: Hardening process used in glass manufacturing where ions in the glass are replaced by larger ions from a solution which create compressive stress and increased hardness.

nonlinear optical property
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
label: optical non-linearity
definition: Optical property that is dependent on the intensity of the input light.

geological process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A natural process that operates within the Earth system to transform, transport, or deform Earth materials, thereby changing Earth structures and landforms

superconducting
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: The disposition of a material to conduct electricity without electrical resistance or infinite electrical conductance respectively.

dielectric disposition
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: The disposition of an electric insulator to be polarized when subjected to an electric field.

conventional ceramics manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
definition: A manufacturing process that relies on traditional and manual methods to produce ceramics.
example: forming green bodies by hand using a bonfire, pit or kiln for firing/sintering

clay
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: ceramic
    intersection of: geogenic mineral
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: inorganic composition
definition: material that is naturally occurring, fine-grained earthy and composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, formed by the geological processes

structural composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
definition: composite of material that is multi-layered and normally low-density, engineered for applications requiring structural integrity through high tensile, compressive, and torsional strengths and stiffnesses

laminated composite
type: Class
subclass of: structural composite
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: laminate ply role
definition: A structural composite composed of two-dimensional sheets or panels (plies or laminae) bonded to one another, where each ply possesses a preferred high-strength direction

sandwich panel composite
type: Class
subclass of: structural composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: sandwich sheet
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: sandwich core
definition: A structural composite designed as a lightweight beam or panel consisting of two stiff and strong outer face sheets separated by a lightweight core layer with a low modulus of elasticity

metal matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: metal
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
definition: composite consisting of a metal or alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
abbreviation: MMC

polymer matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: polymer
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
definition: composite consisting of a polymer matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
abbreviation: PMC

laminate ply role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: a single two-dimensional sheet that provides a specific high-strength orientation within a multi-layered stack

doc string
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value
  some values from: Literal
definition: A docstring is a textual entity that describes an associated section of some source code
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/270

sandwich sheet
type: Class
subclass of: role
label: sandwich sheet role
definition: a stiff, strong material that carries bending loads through tensile and compressive stresses when integrated into a panel assembly

sandwich core
type: Class
subclass of: role
label: sandwich core role
definition: a lightweight, low-density material that maintains the separation of face sheets and withstands transverse shear stresses

mineral
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: A mineral is a naturally occurring material characterized by a defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure, formed through natural geological or biological processes.

1D
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: 1D is a data item representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.
isInMinimalProfile: true

2D
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A two-dimensional data item is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ASTM grainsize
type: Class
subclass of: grain size
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is quality measured as
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: measurement datum
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is specified output of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: process
        intersection of: Restriction
editor note: TODO: axiom needs refinement
definition: The ASTM grain size is a quality that is measured through a process that follows the ASTM standard.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Ab Initio MD Simulation @de
definition: A simulation process that uses quantum mechanical calculations to predict the behavior of molecular systems without empirical parameters.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der quantenmechanische Berechnungen verwendet, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme ohne empirische Parameter vorherzusagen. @de
example: Simulating the electronic structure and dynamics of a new alloy to predict its mechanical properties.

acoustic absorption coefficient
type: Class
subclass of: acoustic property
definition: The acoustic absorption coefficient is an acoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.
isInMinimalProfile: true

acoustic property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: acoustic wave
definition: An acoustic property is a material property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.
isInMinimalProfile: true

acoustical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: acoustic property
label: Akustische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay, that measures the acoustic properties of materials by analyzing how sound waves interact with the material. This process involves generating sound waves and observing their reflection, transmission, absorption, or scattering to determine properties such as acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, and sound speed.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die akustischen Eigenschaften von Materialien misst, indem es analysiert, wie Schallwellen mit dem Material interagieren. Dieser Prozess umfasst die Erzeugung von Schallwellen und die Beobachtung ihrer Reflexion, Übertragung, Absorption oder Streuung, um Eigenschaften wie akustische Impedanz, Absorptionskoeffizient und Schallgeschwindigkeit zu bestimmen. @de
example: For example, acoustic emission testing (AET) is used to monitor the release of energy from a material under stress, which can indicate the onset of failure or the presence of defects.

additive manufacturing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Additive Fertigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for manufacturing objects layer by layer through additive processes such as 3D printing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Herstellung von Objekten Schicht für Schicht durch additive Verfahren wie 3D-Druck. @de

adhesion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Adhäsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the strength of adhesion between two bonded surfaces, assessing the quality of adhesive joints.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Stärke der Haftung zwischen zwei verklebten Oberflächen misst und die Qualität der Klebeverbindungen bewertet. @de
example: Adhesion testing of epoxy bonds in composite materials to ensure structural integrity in aircraft components.

adjustment device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
example of usage: A screwdriver used to adjust a grub screw.
label: Einstellungsgeräterolle @de
definition: A device role that is used to adjust another device (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole). The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes, das zum Einstellen eines anderen Gerätes (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole) verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

aggregate state
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: aggregate state value
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: aggregate state value
definition: an intensive quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gasous
isInMinimalProfile: true

aging process
type: Class
subclass of: process
label: Alterungsprozess @de
definition: Das Aging oder Auslagern ist ein Anlassvorgang, der den Martensit (Härtungsgefüge) wieder duktil und verformbar macht. Dabei wird ein Agingvorgang genutzt, nämlich die Bildung von Ausscheidungen in Form von FeXCY - Carbiden @de
definition: The process of hardening an alloy by a method that causes a constituent to precipitate from solid solution.
example: The Process of austenitizing and quenching a steel alloy to achieve a martensitic microstructure for hardness increase.

acoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: wave
definition: a mechanical wave of pressure disturbances that propagates through a medium by local compression and rarefaction

impact
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: impact is a short-duration, high-force interaction porcess between two bodies in contact

flow of electric charge
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is the process of movement of charged particles

heat flow
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process in which transfer of thermal energy between or within material entities occurs

generation of magnetic field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process that occurs as a reaction to change of elctric field or movement of charges and produces a magnetic field

mechanical process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process in which forces, moments, or imposed displacements to objects or object aggregates occur and/or the equivalent (stresses, strains) to materials or portions of matter

assembling process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Assemblierungsprozess @de
definition: An assembling process is a manufacturing process that mounts or demounts components.

atomic force microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Atomkraftmikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that maps the surface topography of materials at the nanoscale by scanning it with a mechanical probe.
definition: Ein Mikroskop, das die Oberflächentopographie von Materialien im Nanobereich durch Abtasten mit einer mechanischen Sonde kartiert. @de
abbreviation: AFM

atomic structure
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: The atomic structure is an object aggregate that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

atomistic monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: monte carlo simulation
label: Atomistische Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A monte carlo simulation process that focuses on the atomic scale, where the properties and behaviors of materials are modeled by considering individual atoms and their interactions.
definition: Ein Monte Carlo Simulationsprozess, der sich auf die atomare Skala konzentriert, bei dem die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Materialien durch die Betrachtung einzelner Atome und ihrer Wechselwirkungen modelliert werden. @de
example: Simulating the behavior of electrons in a new alloy to predict its electrical conductivity.

bandsaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Bandsäge @de
definition: A band saw is a type of saw that uses a continuous, endless saw blade in the form of a band. This blade is usually a narrow, flexible steel blade with teeth along one edge. The band saw is mounted in a closed loop and is guided by two wheels, at least one of which is driven. The operation of the band saw enables precise and efficient cuts to be made in a variety of materials, including wood, metal and plastic.
definition: Eine Bandsäge ist eine Art von Säge, die ein kontinuierliches, endloses Sägeblatt in Form eines Bands verwendet. Dieses Sägeblatt ist in der Regel eine schmale, flexible Stahlklinge mit Zähnen entlang einer Kante. Die Bandsäge ist in eine geschlossene Schleife montiert und wird über zwei Räder geführt, von denen mindestens eines angetrieben wird. Die Funktionsweise der Bandsäge ermöglicht präzise und effiziente Schnitte in unterschiedlichen Materialien, einschließlich Holz, Metall und Kunststoff. @de

bending testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Biegeversuchmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the bending strength and flexibility of materials by applying a load and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Biegefestigkeit und Flexibilität von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Last und Messung der Verformung. @de

bending testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Biegeprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the resistance of a material to bending forces, determining its flexural strength and stiffness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Biegekräfte misst und seine Biegefestigkeit und Steifigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Testing the flexural strength of a plastic beam to ensure it can withstand the required load in an engineering application.

biocompatibility analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: biological property analyzing process
label: Analyseverfahren der Biokompatibilität @de
definition: A biological property analyzing process that evaluates the compatibility of a material with living tissues to ensure it does not provoke an adverse biological response.
definition: An example of a biocompatibility analyzing process is an in vitro cell culture test, where cells are cultured in the presence of the implant material to observe any cytotoxic effects, such as changes in cell morphology, proliferation rate, or cell viability.
definition: Ein Biologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verträglichkeit eines Materials mit lebenden Geweben bewertet, um sicherzustellen, dass es keine nachteilige biologische Reaktion hervorruft. @de

biological property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Biologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the interaction of materials with biological systems, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity, and the effects of materials on living organisms and cells.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die Wechselwirkung von Materialien mit biologischen Systemen untersucht, einschließlich Biokompatibilität, Abbaubarkeit, Toxizität und der Auswirkungen von Materialien auf lebende Organismen und Zellen. @de

blank role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition source: “Blank.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blank. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022.
label: Rohling-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is realized in a preparation process
example: Some portion of material, which to be made into something by a further operation.

boiling point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The boiling point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the liquid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506
type: Class
subclass of: brinell hardness
definition: A brinell hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.
isInMinimalProfile: true

brinell hardness
type: Class
subclass of: indentation hardness
definition: An indentation hardness scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bulk
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
disjoint with: surface layer (fiat object part)
definition: The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bulk modulus
type: Class
subclass of: elastic modulus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.
isInMinimalProfile: true

burning
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Brennen @de
alternative label: Firing
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, der das Brennen beinhaltet, bezieht sich in der Regel auf die Anwendung großer Hitze, die oft zu einer Verbrennung oder thermischen Zersetzung führt, um die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials zu verändern, was zu Veränderungen wie Härtung, Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung oder Verringerung der Masse führt, @de
definition: a 'changing properties of material' process that involves burning typically refers to the application of high heat, often resulting in combustion or thermal degradation, to alter the physical or chemical properties of a material, leading to changes like hardening, alteration in chemical composition, or reduction in mass,
example: Firing in Pottery

cnc machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: CNC-Maschine @de
definition: A CNC machine is a forming machine that uses computer numerical control to precisely control machining tools for cutting, drilling, milling, and other tasks.
definition: Eine CNC-Maschine ist eine Formmaschine, die zur präzisen Steuerung von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen für Schneid-, Bohr-, Fräs- und andere Aufgaben computergestützte numerische Steuerung verwendet. @de

cnc welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: cnc machine
subclass of: welding device
label: CNC-Schweißmaschine @de
definition: A cnc machine that performs welding operations.
definition: Eine CNC-Schweißmaschine ist eine CNC-Maschine, die Schweißoperationen ausführt. @de

calibration device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgeräterolle @de
definition: A device role that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibrieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

caliper
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caliper
label: Messschieber @de
definition: A measuring device having two usually adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used especially to measure the dimensions of objects, such as diameters or thicknesses
definition: Messgerät mit zwei in der Regel verstellbaren Armen, Schenkeln oder Klemmbacken, das vor allem zur Messung der Abmessungen von Gegenständen, wie z. B. des Durchmessers oder der Dicke, verwendet wird @de

ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

change of aggregate state
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: a phase transformation (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in portion of matter
isInMinimalProfile: true

change of temperature
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: change of temperature is a process in which a particpant changes its temperature
isInMinimalProfile: true

changing properties of material
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition @de
label: Stoffeigenschaft Ändern @de
alternative label: Changing Of Material Properties
alternative label: Property Alteration
definition: A manufacturing process that modifies the characteristics of the material from which a workpiece is made, including by processes at the submicroscopic or atomic scale, such as atomic diffusion, dislocation formation and movement in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, whereby the resulting shape changes are not characteristic of these processes.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der die Merkmale des Materials, aus dem ein Werkstück gefertigt ist, modifiziert, was unter anderem durch Vorgänge im submikroskopischen oder atomaren Bereich erfolgt, wie etwa durch Atomdiffusion, die Versetzungsentstehung und -bewegung im Atomgitter oder durch chemische Reaktionen, wobei die dabei auftretenden Formveränderungen nicht charakteristisch für diese Verfahren sind. @de
example: Heat Treatment

chemical composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
comment: See the editor note of composition to understand the difference between composition and chemical composition. See the pattern example of composition to underatand the difference between composition and proportion.
definition: The chemical composition is an intensive quality of a portion of matter which describes the types and proportions of pure chemical elements in the portion of matter, and it is a subject of some chemical composition data item.
isInMinimalProfile: true
pattern example: Material has quality chemical composition. Chemical composition is a subject of chemical composition data item. Chemical composition data item has members fraction value specifications (which have a numeral and a unit). Material has part portion of carbon. Material has relational quality mass proportion. Portion of carbon has relational quality mass proportion. Mass propotion is specified by value fraction value specification. Same approach for all chemical elements.

chemical composition analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: chemical composition
label: Analyseverfahren für die chemische Zusammensetzung @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that determines the chemical composition of a material by identifying and quantifying its constituent elements and compounds.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die chemische Zusammensetzung eines Materials bestimmt, indem es dessen Bestandteile und Verbindungen identifiziert und quantifiziert. @de

chemical potential
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality of a thermodynamic system describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Chemische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the chemical composition, reactivity, and chemical stability of materials, including the identification and quantification of chemical elements and compounds.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die chemische Zusammensetzung, Reaktivität und chemische Stabilität von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich der Identifizierung und Quantifizierung chemischer Elemente und Verbindungen. @de

chromatography function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Chromatographiefunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: proportion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: composition
label: Chromatographieverfahren @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that enables the separation and analysis of compounds in a mixture by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gemisch durch ihre Verteilung zwischen einer mobilen und einer stationären Phase ermöglicht. @de

chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating mixtures into individual components using a chromatographic column and a mobile phase.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Gemischen in einzelne Komponenten unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule und einer mobilen Phase. @de

circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Kreissäge @de
definition: Die Kreissäge ist eine elektrische oder motorisierte Säge, die durch ein rundes, kreisförmiges Sägeblatt angetrieben wird. Das Sägeblatt einer Kreissäge ist mit Zähnen entlang seines Randes ausgestattet, die dazu dienen, das Material zu schneiden, wenn es in die Säge eingespeist wird. Kreissägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und können für verschiedene Materialien wie Holz, Metall, Kunststoff und sogar Gestein verwendet werden, abhängig vom spezifischen Sägeblatt, das installiert ist. @de
definition: The circular saw is an electric or motorized saw that is powered by a round, circular saw blade. The blade of a circular saw is equipped with teeth along its edge that are used to cut the material as it is fed into the saw. Circular saws are versatile tools and can be used for different materials such as wood, metal, plastic and even rock, depending on the specific saw blade that is installed.

circular table saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
label: Tischkreissäge @de
definition: A stationary circular saw that is built into a table top. It is often used in workshops for precise wood cuts.
definition: Eine stationäre Kreissäge, die in eine Tischplatte eingebaut ist. Sie wird oft in Werkstätten für präzise Holzschnitte verwendet. @de

cleaning
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8592
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8592 @de
label: Reinigen @de
definition: A separating process that involves removing unwanted material from a surface through cleaning methods, which may include processes like blasting, washing, or chemical cleaning.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem unerwünschtes Material von einer Oberfläche durch Reinigungsmethoden entfernt wird, die Verfahren wie Strahlen, Waschen oder chemische Reinigung umfassen können. @de
example: Chemical Cleaning, Mechanical Cleaning

cleaning device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Reinigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for removing contaminants from materials or surfaces.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen von Materialien oder Oberflächen. @de

coarse grained simulation
type: Class
subclass of: multiscale simulation
label: Coarse Grained Simulation @de
definition: Ein Multiskalensimulation Prozess, der das System vereinfacht, indem Atome oder Moleküle zu größeren Partikeln zusammengefasst werden, wodurch die Rechenkomplexität verringert wird und die Untersuchung größerer Systeme oder längerer Zeitskalen ermöglicht wird. @de
definition: Multiscale simulation process that simplifies the system by grouping atoms or molecules into larger particles, thereby reducing computational complexity and allowing for the study of larger systems or longer time scales
example: In materials science, coarse-grained simulations are often used to study the mechanical properties of polymers. For instance, in the simulation of polymer chains, each segment of the chain might represent a group of several monomers, rather than modeling every single atom. This approach allows researchers to investigate the behavior of polymeric materials over larger scales and longer time periods, such as the viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt.

coating
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition @de
label: Beschichten @de
definition: A manufacturing process that aims to deposit a permanently adhering layer of a material without a form onto a workpiece, whereby the immediate state of the coating material directly before application is essential.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der darauf abzielt, eine dauerhaft haftende Schicht aus einem Material ohne Form auf ein Werkstück aufzubringen, wobei der unmittelbare Zustand des Beschichtungsmaterials direkt vor dem Auftragen entscheidend ist. @de
example: Chemical Vapour Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition

coating application function
type: Class
subclass of: coating function
label: Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion @de
definition: A coating application function is a coating function that is realized in applying a coating to a surface.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

coating by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Durch Löten @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating using soldering techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Löten beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a protective solder layer on electronic circuit boards.

coating by welding
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating using welding techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Cladding a metal surface with a corrosion-resistant alloy using weld overlay.

coating device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Beschichtungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for applying a coating or layer to materials to enhance their properties or appearance.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Auftragen einer Beschichtung oder Schicht auf Materialien zur Verbesserung ihrer Eigenschaften oder ihres Aussehens. @de

coating from the gaseous or vapour state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
alternative label: Vakuumbeschichten @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a thin film of material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

coating from the granular or powdery state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Körnigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a granular or powdery state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder coating of metal parts.

coating from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Ionisierten Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma spraying of ceramic coatings.

coating from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Electroplating of metals.

coating from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a plastic film through hot melt coating.

coating from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a pulpy or pasty state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Painting, a protective layer of plaster on walls.

coating function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Beschichtungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

colorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Farbmessgerät @de
definition: A device used to measure the color of a sample, often used in quality control and material analysis.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Farbe einer Probe, häufig verwendet in der Qualitätskontrolle und Materialanalyse. @de

composite
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
definition: An object aggregate that consists of two or more bonded materials with dissimilar physical or chemical properties which are used to complement each other where the parts remain seperate and distinct in the resulting object aggregate.
example: carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminated glass wood hard metal composites for abrasive tools
isInMinimalProfile: true

compounding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-1
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-1 @de
label: Zusammensetzen @de
alternative label: Putting Together
definition: A joining process that involves assembling various components or sub-assemblies to form a complex unit, commonly used in manufacturing processes where multiple parts are put together to create a final product.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem verschiedene Komponenten oder Unterbaugruppen zu einer komplexen Einheit zusammengefügt werden. Es wird üblicherweise in Fertigungsprozessen verwendet, bei denen mehrere Teile zu einem Endprodukt zusammengefügt werden. @de
example: Interlocking, Layering

compounding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Compoundiermaschine @de
definition: A device used for mixing or compounding materials to achieve desired properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mischung oder Compoundierung von Materialien, um gewünschte Eigenschaften zu erreichen. @de

compression testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Druckprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the compressive strength of materials by applying a compressive force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Druckfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Druckkraft. @de

compression testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Druckprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing processs that determines a material's behavior under compressive forces, measuring its compressive strength and modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials unter Druckkräften bestimmt und seine Druckfestigkeit und seinen Druckmodul misst. @de
example: Compression testing of concrete samples to ensure they meet the required strength standards for construction.

computing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Computer @de
definition: A device that provides an execution environment for, e.g., simulation processes or prediction models. A computing system can be virtual (e.g., a container or virtual machine) or physical (e.g., a bare-metal servers), uses digital representations of objects as inputs and produces digital measurements, such as simulation results or predictions, as outputs.
definition: Ein Gerät, das eine Ausführungsumgebung bspw. für Simulationsprozesse oder Vorhersagemodelle bereitstellt. Ein Rechenknoten kann virtuell (bspw. ein Container oder eine virtuelle Maschine) oder physisch (z. B. ein Bare-Metal-Server) ausgestaltet sein und verwendet in der Regel digitale Repräsentationen von Objekten als Eingaben und erzeugt digitale Messungen, wie z.B. Simulationsergebnisse oder Vorhersagen, als Ausgaben. @de

computing process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: information content entity
editor note: The subclass trees of "Computing Process" are currently still proposals and serve as a working basis for the discussion round with the simulation/workflow domain experts.
label: Datenverarbeitung @de
label: Rechenprozess @de
definition: A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals.
definition: Ein Prozess, der die systematische Verwendung von rechnerischen Methoden und Werkzeugen umfasst, um Simulationen, Analysen oder Datenumwandlungen durchzuführen, um spezifische wissenschaftliche oder technische Ziele zu erreichen. @de

conditioning process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Konditionierungsprozess @de
definition: A conditioning process is a manufacturing process that sets a material entity to predefined environmental conditions.
definition: Diese Aktivität beschreibt den Prozess und die Maßnahmen, die ergriffen werden, um einen materiellen Gegenstand auf vordefinierte Umgebungsbedingungen einzustellen. @de

continuous simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

absorption of corpuscular radiation
type: Class
subclass of: absorption of radiation
definition: process of taking up corpuscular radiation by a material entity

crack growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.
isInMinimalProfile: true

creep testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Kriechprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the creep behavior of materials under constant stress at high temperatures.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Kriechverhaltens von Materialien unter konstanter Belastung bei hohen Temperaturen. @de

creep testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Kriechprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates a material's deformation over time under constant stress and temperature, determining its creep behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verformung eines Materials über die Zeit unter konstanter Belastung und Temperatur bewertet und sein Kriechverhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Creep testing of turbine blades to ensure they can withstand prolonged high temperatures without deforming.

cryogenic freezer
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
label: Kryogefrierschrank @de
definition: A cryogenic freezer is a temperature change device that preserves materials at extremely low temperatures, often below -150°C.
definition: A device used to preserve materials at extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen zu konservieren, typischerweise unter -150°C. @de
definition: Ein Kryogefrierschrank ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen konserviert, oft unter -150°C. @de

crystal structure
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: bravais lattice (3D)
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: bravais lattice (3D)
comment: The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described e.g. by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
definition: an intensive qualtty of a crystal that embodies the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystal lattice.
isInMinimalProfile: true

cut function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Trennen Funktion @de
alternative label: Schneidfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Deep Learning @de
definition: A simulation process that employs artificial neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der künstliche neuronale Netze mit vielen Schichten verwendet, um komplexe Muster in Daten zu modellieren. @de
example: Using deep learning to predict the formation of defects in crystalline materials.
abbreviation: DL

defect density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties
isInMinimalProfile: true

deformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material often under the influence of stress or force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.
isInMinimalProfile: true

deterministic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

device
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: Gerät @de
definition: A device is an object that is designed to perform a specific function or task involving measurement, manipulation, processing, or analysis.
definition: Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

device role
type: Class
subclass of: role
label: Rolle eines Gerätes @de
definition: Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

dielectric constant
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
disjoint with: electrical conductivity
definition: The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
isInMinimalProfile: true

differential scanning calorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in a sample as a function of temperature.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Wärmeflusses, der mit Phasenübergängen in einer Probe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur verbunden ist. @de

differential scanning calorimetry process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie-Verfahren @de
definition: A thermal property analyzing process that measures the heat flow into or out of a material as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature, determining its thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Wärmestrom in oder aus einem Material misst, während es erhitzt, gekühlt oder bei konstanter Temperatur gehalten wird, um seine thermischen Übergänge wie Schmelzen, Kristallisation und Glasübergänge zu bestimmen. @de
example: Differential scanning calorimetry of a polymer to determine its melting temperature and crystallization behavior.
abbreviation: DSC

differential thermal analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Differenzthermoanalyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A thermal property analyzing process that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are subjected to a controlled temperature program, identifying phase transitions and reactions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial misst, während sie einem kontrollierten Temperaturprogramm unterzogen werden, um Phasenübergänge und Reaktionen zu identifizieren. @de
example: Differential thermal analysis of a ceramic material to identify its phase transition temperatures and reaction kinetics.
abbreviation: DTA

differential thermal analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Differentialthermometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are heated or cooled.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial beim Erhitzen oder Abkühlen. @de

dimension measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Dimensionierungsfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
definition: Eine Messfunktion um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

dimension measuring process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: size
label: Dimensions Messprozess @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that determines the physical dimensions of a material or object, such as length, width, height, diameter, and thickness, with high accuracy and precision.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die physikalischen Dimensionen eines Materials oder Objekts, wie Länge, Breite, Höhe, Durchmesser und Dicke, mit hoher Genauigkeit und Präzision bestimmt. @de

disassembling
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8591
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8591 @de
label: Zerlegen @de
definition: A separating process that involves disassembling a composite or assembled unit into its constituent parts or sections.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem eine zusammengesetzte oder montierte Einheit in ihre Einzelteile oder Abschnitte zerlegt wird. @de
example: Dismantling, Emptying

discrete-event simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

dividing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8588
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8588 @de
label: Zerteilen @de
definition: A separating process that involves separating material into distinct parts using techniques like shear cutting, splitting, tearing, or breaking, typically employed in processes where precise control over the cut is less critical.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem das Material durch Techniken wie Scherschneiden, Spalten, Reißen oder Brechen in verschiedene Teile zerlegt wird. Es wird in der Regel bei Prozessen eingesetzt, bei denen eine genaue Kontrolle über den Schnitt weniger wichtig ist. @de
example: Shearing, Cracking

drilling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Bohrmaschine @de
definition: A forming machine that creates holes in a workpiece by means of a rotating drill bit.
definition: Eine Formmaschine, die Löcher in einem Werkstück durch ein sich drehendes Bohrwerkzeug erzeugt. @de

dynamic mechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Dynamisch-mechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the mechanical properties of a material as a function of temperature, time, frequency, and stress, determining its viscoelastic behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, welcher die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Zeit, Frequenz und Spannung misst und dessen viskoelastisches Verhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Dynamic mechanical analysis of a rubber compound to assess its stiffness and damping properties over a range of temperatures.
abbreviation: DMA

dynamic mechanical analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Dynamischer mechanischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien als Funktion von Temperatur, Frequenz und Zeit. @de

elastic modulus
type: Class
subclass of: stiffness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: represents a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electric potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: an extensvie quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
definition: The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flow of electric charge
definition: An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: electrical property
label: Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the electrical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, resistivity, dielectric strength, and electrical charge storage capabilities.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich elektrischer Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, dielektrischer Festigkeit und elektrischer Ladungsspeicherkapazitäten. @de

electron beam welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: welding device
label: Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine @de
definition: An electron beam welding machine is a welding device that uses a high-velocity electron beam to fuse materials together, typically in a vacuum environment.
definition: Eine Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine ist ein Schweißgerät, das einen hochgeschwindigen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um Materialien miteinander zu verschmelzen, typischerweise in einer Vakuumumgebung. @de

electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
definition source: “Electron microscope.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electron%20microscope. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
label: Elektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of a sample's surface or structure.
definition: An electron-optical instrument in which a beam of electrons is used to produce an enlarged image of a minute object.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

electron microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
label: Elektronenmikroskopie @de
definition: A microscopy process that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of an object, allowing for high-resolution visualization of the material's surface and internal structures.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild eines Objekts zu erzeugen, wodurch eine hochauflösende Visualisierung der Oberfläche und der inneren Strukturen des Materials ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of an electron microscopy process is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of the surface topography and composition of a material. Another example is Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can visualize the internal structure of a sample at atomic resolution.

electron spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: defect density
label: Elektronenspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process, that studies the energy distribution of electrons emitted from a sample when it is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or bombarded with particles.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Energieverteilung von Elektronen untersucht, die aus einer Probe emittiert werden, wenn diese mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt oder mit Teilchen bombardiert wird. @de
example: Examples are e.g. Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary electron spectroscopy.

emission of corpuscular radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of radiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of wave radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

empirical potential molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Empirische Potential MD Simulation @de
definition: A simulation process that uses empirical potentials derived from experimental data to model the behavior of molecular systems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der empirische Potentiale verwendet, die aus experimentellen Daten abgeleitet sind, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme zu modellieren. @de
example: Simulating the diffusion of atoms in a crystal using Lennard-Jones potentials.

environmental chamber
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Umweltschrank @de
definition: A device used to simulate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to test materials and devices.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Simulation von Umweltbedingungen wie Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Druck zur Prüfung von Materialien und Geräten. @de

workflow executor role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role that inheres in an agent and is realized by the agent’s participation in a workflow run, in which the agent carries out, controls, or is responsible for the execution of a workflow according to a workflow definition.

evolution of damage
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.
isInMinimalProfile: true

extensometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Extensometer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensometer. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
definition: A device for measuring minute deformations of test specimens caused by tension, compression, bending, or twisting.

fatigue testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Materialermüdungsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the fatigue resistance of materials by subjecting them to repeated stress cycles.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Ermüdungsresistenz von Materialien, indem diese wiederholten Belastungszyklen ausgesetzt werden. @de

fatigue testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  some values from: single fatigue testing process
label: Ermüdungsprüfverfahren @de
alternative label: S-N testing process
alternative label: fatigue testing series
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, zyklischen Belastungen standzuhalten, und seine Ermüdungslebensdauer und -grenze bestimmt. @de
definition: Fatigue testing process is a mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading, determining its fatigue life and endurance limit. It must have occurent parts single fatigue tests.
example: Fatigue testing of metal components in bridges to predict their lifespan under repetitive loading conditions.

ferrous metal
type: Class
subclass of: metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of iron
definition: metal that has iron as primary constituent

filling
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-2
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-2 @de
label: Füllen @de
definition: A joining process that involves the use of a filler material to connect parts.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial verwendet wird, um Teile zu verbinden. @de
example: Impregnating, Soaking

flow cytometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Durchflusszytometer @de
definition: A flow cytometer is a device used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
definition: Ein Durchflusszytometer ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Zell- oder Partikelpopulation zu messen. @de

force measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Kraftmessfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
definition: Eine Messfunktion um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

formation of notch or scratch
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

forming
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition @de
label: Umformen @de
alternative label: Shaping
definition: A manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation while retaining both mass and structural integrity.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der durch plastische Umformung die Gestalt eines festen Körpers verändert, wobei sowohl die Masse als auch die strukturelle Integrität erhalten bleiben. @de
example: Tension Forming, Compression Forming

forming by bending
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8586
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8586 @de
label: Biegeumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves bending materials, typically used in manipulating sheets, tubes, or profiles into curved shapes or angles, common in metalworking and fabrication industries.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, der das Biegen von Materialien beinhaltet und typischerweise bei der Bearbeitung von Blechen, Rohren oder Profilen zu gekrümmten Formen oder Winkeln eingesetzt wird, wie es in der Metallverarbeitung und in der verarbeitenden Industrie üblich ist. @de
example: Bending With Linear Die Movement, Bending With Rotary Die Movement

forming machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Formmaschine @de
definition: A device used for shaping materials under various conditions, including tensile, compressive, and shearing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Formgebung von Materialien unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, einschließlich Zug-, Druck- und Scherbedingungen. @de

forming under compressive and tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8584-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8584-1 @de
label: Zugdruckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves applying both tensile and compressive forces to a material.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem sowohl Zug- als auch Druckkräfte auf ein Material ausgeübt werden. @de
example: Stripping, Deep Drawing, Spinning

forming under compressive conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8583-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8583-1 @de
label: Druckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves deforming materials under compressive forces, commonly used in techniques like rolling and die forming where metal is shaped by applying pressure.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien unter Druck verformt werden. Er wird üblicherweise bei Techniken wie Walzen und Gesenkformen eingesetzt, bei denen Metall durch Druck in Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Rolling, Coining

forming under shearing conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8587
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8587 @de
label: Schubumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves displacement or twisting materials to achieve deformation, often used in operations where materials are shaped by applying torsional forces.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Werkstoffe durch Verschieben oder Verdrehen verformt werden. Es wird häufig bei Verfahren verwendet, bei denen Werkstoffe durch Anwendung von Torsionskräften geformt werden. @de
example: Twisting, Displacement

forming under tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8585-1
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8585-1 @de
label: Zugumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves stretching or elongating materials to achieve desired dimensions or shapes.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien gestreckt oder gedehnt werden, um die gewünschten Abmessungen oder Formen zu erreichen. @de
example: Expanding, Stretch Forming

fracture toughness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Bruchzähigkeitsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's ability to resist crack propagation, determining its fracture toughness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, der Rissausbreitung zu widerstehen, und seine Bruchzähigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Measuring the fracture toughness of ceramic materials used in aerospace components to ensure reliability under stress.

functional material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: function
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: object
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has function
      some values from: function
editor note: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A functional material F is an engineered material which has the disposition to be used for an object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.
isInMinimalProfile: true

furnace
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Furnace.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/furnace. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Ofen @de
definition: A device that generates and contains high-intensity thermal energy within an insulated enclosure.
definition: Ein Gerät, das hochintensive thermische Energie innerhalb eines isolierten Gehäuses erzeugt und speichert. @de

gas chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Gaschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates and analyzes compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, using a gas as the mobile phase and a solid or liquid stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Verbindungen trennt und analysiert, die ohne Zersetzung verdampft werden können, indem ein Gas als mobile Phase und eine feste oder flüssige stationäre Phase verwendet wird. @de
example: Gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of volatile organic compounds in a polymer matrix.

gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

gel permeation chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates molecules based on their size by passing the sample through a porous gel matrix, also known as size exclusion chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Größe trennt, indem die Probe durch eine poröse Gelmatrix geleitet wird, auch bekannt als Größenausschlusschromatographie. @de
example: Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer sample.

gel permeation chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Gelpermeations-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating and analyzing polymers based on their molecular size using gel permeation chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Polymeren basierend auf ihrer Molekülgröße durch Gelpermeationschromatographie. @de

generative deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Generatives Deep Learning @de
definition: A deep learning process that involves creating models capable of generating new data instances that resemble the training data.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Modelle erstellt, die in der Lage sind, neue Dateninstanzen zu erzeugen, die den Trainingsdaten ähneln. @de
example: Using generative adversarial networks to design new molecular structures with desired properties, such as improved conductivity or strength.

glass
type: Class
subclass of: material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
comment: It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
definition: A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.
isInMinimalProfile: true

glueing
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-8
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-8 @de
label: Kleben @de
alternative label: Bonding
definition: A joining process that involves using adhesives to bond materials together, suitable for a wide range of materials including metals, plastics, and composites, and used in various applications from automotive to aerospace.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem Klebstoffe verwendet werden, um Materialien miteinander zu verbinden. Es eignet sich für eine Vielzahl von Materialien, darunter Metalle, Kunststoffe und Verbundstoffe, und wird in verschiedenen Anwendungen von der Automobilindustrie bis zur Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt. @de
example: Bonding With Physically Hardening Adhesives, Bonding With Chemically Hardening Adhesives (Reaction Bonding)

crystallite
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
label: kristallit @de
alternative label: Korn @de
alternative label: grain
definition: A crystal grain is a crystal that is part of a polycrystal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

gravimetric analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Gravimetrischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass of a sample to determine its composition or concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Masse einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung oder Konzentration. @de

gravimetrical analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: mass proportion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: mass
label: Gravimetrisches Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that measures the quantity of a substance by its mass, often involving the precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of the substance.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Menge einer Substanz durch ihre Masse misst und dabei häufig die Fällung, Filtration, Trocknung und Wägung der Substanz umfasst. @de
example: An example of a Gravimetrical Analyzing Process is the determination of sulfate content in a sample by precipitating it as barium sulfate, filtering, drying, and weighing the precipitate.

grinding machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Schleifmaschine @de
definition: A grinding machine is a forming machine that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece, typically for finishing or precision work.
definition: Eine Schleifmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die ein Schleifrad verwendet, um Material von der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks zu entfernen, typischerweise für Feinarbeiten oder Präzisionsarbeiten. @de

grips
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grips
label: Halterungsklemmen @de
definition: Diese Gerät beschreibt ein Bauelement / Teil, mit dem etwas, normalerweise ein materielles Objekt, fest gegriffen oder eingespannt wird. Typischerweise sind Halterungen, Klemm- bzw. Spannsysteme Teil eines Befestigungssystems (Prozessknoten), das sich auf ein Prüfsystem bezieht. @de
definition: This device is a part by which something, usually a tangible object, is grasped. Typically, grips are part of a mounting system (processing node) referring to a testing system.

hacksaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Bügelsäge @de
definition: A hacksaw is a hand saw designed for cutting various materials, particularly metal. It consists of a fine-toothed blade, tensioned in a frame, and a handle. The frame of a hacksaw is typically C-shaped, allowing the blade to be easily replaced when necessary. Hacksaws are commonly used in metalworking and other applications where a controlled and precise cut through metal is required. The fine teeth on the hacksaw blade enable it to cut through metal with efficiency, and the tensioned frame provides stability during the cutting process. Hacksaws are versatile tools and are often used for tasks such as cutting pipes, rods, and metal sheets. They are available in different sizes and tooth configurations to suit various cutting needs.
definition: Eine Bügelsäge ist eine Art Handsäge zum Schneiden verschiedener Materialien, insbesondere Metall. Sie besteht aus einem fein gezahnten Blatt, das in einem Rahmen gespannt ist, und einem Griff. Der Rahmen einer Bügelsäge ist in der Regel C-förmig, so dass das Blatt bei Bedarf leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Bügelsägen werden häufig bei der Metallbearbeitung und anderen Anwendungen eingesetzt, bei denen ein kontrollierter und präziser Schnitt durch Metall erforderlich ist. Die feinen Zähne des Sägeblatts ermöglichen ein effizientes Schneiden durch Metall, und der gespannte Rahmen sorgt für Stabilität während des Schneidens. Bügelsägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und werden häufig für Aufgaben wie das Schneiden von Rohren, Stangen und Blechen verwendet. Sie sind in verschiedenen Größen und Zahnkonfigurationen erhältlich, um verschiedenen Schneidanforderungen gerecht zu werden. @de

half-life
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half
example: radioactive decay, material degradation
isInMinimalProfile: true

hand holdable disposition
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
label: in der Hand haltbar @de
definition: Disposion eines Objektes, das per Hand gehalten, betrieben oder verwendet werden kann. @de
definition: Disposition of an object that can be hold, operated or used manually.

hand circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: hand held device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: circular saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
label: Handkreissäge @de
definition: A handheld circular saw is a portable circular saw that is guided by hand. It is well suited for precise cuts in construction and woodwork.
definition: Die Handkreissäge is eine tragbare Kreissäge, die von Hand geführt wird. Sie eignet sich gut für präzise Schnitte bei Bau- und Holzarbeiten. @de

handsaw
type: Class
subclass of: hand held device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
label: Handsäge @de
definition: Die Handsäge ist eine manuell betriebene Säge, die dazu dient, verschiedene Materialien, insbesondere Holz, zu schneiden. Diese Art von Säge besteht typischerweise aus einem langen, dünnen Blatt mit Zähnen, das an einem Griff befestigt ist. Der Griff ermöglicht es dem Benutzer, die Säge von Hand zu führen und den Schnitt durch Vor- und Zurückbewegen des Blatts zu erzeugen. Handsägen sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen erhältlich, je nach der beabsichtigten Anwendung. Es gibt beispielsweise Handsägen für Holz, Metall oder Kunststoff, und sie können unterschiedliche Zahngeometrien und Blattlängen aufweisen, um optimal auf verschiedene Schneidanforderungen abgestimmt zu sein. @de
definition: The handsaw is a manually operated saw that is used to cut various materials, especially wood. This type of saw typically consists of a long, thin blade with teeth attached to a handle. The handle allows the user to guide the saw by hand and make the cut by moving the blade back and forth. Handsaws are available in different designs, depending on the intended application. For example, there are handsaws for wood, metal or plastic, and they can have different tooth geometries and blade lengths to best suit different cutting requirements.

hardening by forming
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Verfestigen Durch Umformen @de
definition: A changing properties of material process, that involves altering material properties by mechanical deformation.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die Eigenschaften des Materials durch mechanische Verformung verändert. @de
example: Sheet Metal Rolling to Achieve Higher Strength.

hardness
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hardness tester
type: Class
subclass of: hardness testing machine
label: Härteprüfgerät @de
definition: A hardness tester is a hardness testing machine that measures the resistance of a material to deformation, typically by indentation.
definition: Ein Härteprüfgerät ist eine Härteprüfmaschine, die den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung, typischerweise durch Eindrücken, misst. @de

hardness testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Härteprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the hardness of materials through various testing methods such as indentation or scratch tests.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Härte von Materialien durch verschiedene Prüfmethoden wie Eindrück- oder Kratzversuche. @de

hardness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Härteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures a material's resistance to deformation, typically using indentation methods to determine hardness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung misst und typischerweise Eindringverfahren verwendet, um die Härte zu bestimmen. @de
example: Hardness testing of steel using the Rockwell method to classify its grade for industrial applications.

heat capacity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of temperature
disjoint with: thermal conductivity
definition: The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mixing
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
example of usage: Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water.
definition: A material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.

heat treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Page 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Seite 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition @de
label: Wärmebehandlung @de
alternative label: Wärmebehandeln @de
definition: A changing properties of material process in which a solid (ferrous) product is fully or partially exposed to specific time-temperature sequences through a series of process steps with the aim of modifying its properties and/or its internal structure.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem durch eine Reihe von Verfahrensschritten ein festes (Eisen-)Produkt ganz oder teilweise bestimmten Zeit-Temperatur-Abfolgen ausgesetzt wird, mit dem Ziel, seine Eigenschaften und/oder seine innere Struktur zu modifizieren. @de
example: Annealing, Ageing, Hardening

heat treatment device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      union of: heating function
      union of: cooling function
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    union of: heating function
    union of: cooling function
label: Wärmebehandlungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for treating materials through heating and cooling processes to alter their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Behandlung von Materialien durch Erwärmungs- und Abkühlungsprozesse zur Veränderung ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

heat treatment function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Wärmebehandlungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

high-performance liquid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a liquid sample using high pressure to pass the sample through a column packed with a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Komponenten in einer flüssigen Probe trennt, identifiziert und quantifiziert, indem hoher Druck verwendet wird, um die Probe durch eine mit einer stationären Phase gefüllte Säule zu leiten. @de
example: High-performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the purity and concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in a formulation.

high throughput simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Hochdurchsatzsimulation @de
definition: A simulation process that performs a large number of simulations automatically to explore a wide range of conditions.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der eine große Anzahl von Simulationen automatisch durchführt, um eine breite Palette von Bedingungen zu erkunden. @de
example: Screening thousands of potential material compounds to identify those with optimal properties for battery applications.

high performance liquid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in liquid samples through high performance liquid chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung, Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in Flüssigkeitsproben durch Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie. @de

high temperature gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: gas chromatography system
label: Hochtemperatur-Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A gas chromatography system used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture at high temperatures using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gaschromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch bei hohen Temperaturen unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

hybrid simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true

impact testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Schlagprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that determines a material's ability to absorb energy and withstand impact forces, typically using pendulum or drop-weight testers.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bestimmt, Energie zu absorbieren und Schlagkräfte zu widerstehen, typischerweise unter Verwendung von Pendel- oder Fallgewichtsprüfgeräten. @de
example: Impact testing of helmet materials to ensure they provide adequate protection against head injuries.

indentation hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

refraction (optical)
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
disjoint with: reflectivity
comment: e.g., air into glass
definition: Optical property which describes the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another due to a change in the light’s speed.
isInMinimalProfile: true

induction furnace
type: Class
subclass of: furnace
label: Induktionsofen @de
definition: An induction furnace is a furnace that heats materials using electromagnetic induction, generating heat directly within the material.
definition: Ein Induktionsofen ist ein Ofen, der Materialien durch elektromagnetische Induktion erhitzt, wobei die Wärme direkt im Material erzeugt wird. @de

injection molding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Spritzgießmaschine @de
definition: An injection molding machine is a device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure.
definition: Eine Spritzgießmaschine ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Kunststoffteile durch Einspritzen von geschmolzenem Kunststoff in Formen unter hohem Druck herzustellen. @de

ion exchange chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Ionenaustauschchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge by using an ion exchange resin to attract and retain the ions from the sample.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Ionen und polare Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Ladung trennt, indem ein Ionenaustauscherharz verwendet wird, um die Ionen aus der Probe anzuziehen und zu halten. @de
example: Ion exchange chromatography is used to purify and separate proteins in a solution for material characterization.

ion exchange chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Ionenaustausch-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating ions in a sample using ion exchange resins in a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung von Ionen in einer Probe unter Verwendung von Ionenaustauschharzen in einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

ion microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Ionenmikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that uses ions to create high-resolution images of the surface or structure of a sample.
definition: Ein Mikroskop, das Ionen verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

ion microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: composition
label: Ionenmikroskopie @de
definition: A microscopy process that uses a focused beam of ions to image a specimen, providing high-resolution images and compositional information, often used for surface analysis and depth profiling.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen fokussierten Ionenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild einer Probe zu erzeugen, hochauflösende Bilder und Zusammensetzungsinformationen liefert und häufig für Oberflächenanalysen und Tiefenprofilierung verwendet wird. @de
example: An example of an ion microscopy process is Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), which offers high-resolution imaging with minimal sample damage, or Field Ion Microscopy, which provides atomic-level resolution imaging by using a strong electric field to ionize atoms at the surface of a sharp tip, or Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), which allows for high-precision material removal and imaging by using a focused beam of ions to mill the sample surface while simultaneously capturing detailed SEM images.

ion spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Ionen-Spektrometer @de
definition: A device used for analyzing ions in a sample to determine their composition and concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse von Ionen in einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung und Konzentration. @de

ion spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Ionenspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process, that analyzes the properties and behavior of ions in a sample by measuring their interaction with electromagnetic fields or other ions.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Ionen in einer Probe analysiert, indem es ihre Wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischen Feldern oder anderen Ionen misst. @de
example: Examples are e.g. ion mobility spectroscopy, ion-beam spectroscopy.

irradiating
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Bestrahlen @de
definition: A changing properties of material process that employs radiation exposure, to alter and enhance a material's physical or chemical attributes.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials durch Bestrahlung verändert und verbessert werden. @de
example: Polymer Curing

absorption of radiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: process of taking up radiation by a material entity

irradiation device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Irradiationsgerät @de
definition: A device used for exposing materials to radiation to induce changes in their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Aussetzen von Materialien gegenüber Strahlung zur Induktion von Veränderungen ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

irradiation function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Irradiationsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

joining
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0 @de
label: Fügen @de
definition: A manufacturing process that enables the continuous bonding or joining of two or more workpieces with a specific, fixed shape or of such workpieces with a shapeless material, whereby the cohesion is created at specific points and reinforced overall.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der das dauerhafte Verbinden oder das Zusammenfügen von zwei oder mehr Werkstücken mit spezifischer, fester Form oder von solchen Werkstücken mit einem formlosen Material ermöglicht, wobei der Zusammenhalt an spezifischen Stellen erzeugt und insgesamt verstärkt wird. @de
example: Joining By Welding, Assembling

joining by primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-4
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-4 @de
label: Fügen durch Urformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Master Forming
definition: A joining process that involves creating a part or component in its final shape from a liquid or semi-liquid material.
definition: Ein Fügeverfahren, bei dem ein Teil oder eine Komponente aus einem flüssigen oder halbflüssigen Material in seine endgültige Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Pouring, Embedding, Encasing

joining by shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-5
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-5 @de
label: Fügen Durch Umformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Forming
definition: A joining process that involves deforming one or more components to achieve a mechanical interlock or fit, commonly used for press-fit joints, crimping, or swaging.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem eine oder mehrere Komponenten verformt werden, um eine mechanische Verriegelung oder Passung zu erreichen, die üblicherweise für Pressverbindungen, Crimpen oder Schmieden verwendet wird. @de
example: Joining By Riveting, Joining By Forming Wire-Shaped Bodies

joining by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-7
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-7 @de
label: Fügen Durch Löten @de
definition: A joining process that involves using a filler material (solder) to join metal parts by melting the solder between them without melting the base materials, a technique widely used in electronics and plumbing. This process creates a strong, conductive bond suitable for various applications.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial (Lot) verwendet wird, um Metallteile zu verbinden, indem das Lot zwischen ihnen geschmolzen wird, ohne die Grundmaterialien zu schmelzen. Diese Technik wird häufig in der Elektronik und im Sanitärbereich eingesetzt. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine starke, leitfähige Verbindung, die für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet ist. @de
example: Joint Soft Soldering, Joint Hard Soldering

joining by welding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-6
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-6 @de
label: Fügen Durch Schweißen @de
definition: A joining process that involves fusing two or more metal parts by applying heat, pressure, or both, often with the addition of a filler material. This method creates a permanent and strong bond, essential in manufacturing and construction for durable structures and components.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem zwei oder mehr Metallteile durch Anwendung von Hitze, Druck oder beidem verschmolzen werden, oft unter Zugabe eines Füllstoffs. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine dauerhafte und starke Verbindung, die in der Fertigung und im Bauwesen für dauerhafte Strukturen und Komponenten unerlässlich ist. @de
example: Pressure Welding, Fusion Welding

joining device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Verbindungsgerät @de
definition: A general device used for joining materials through various methods, including welding and soldering.
definition: Ein allgemeines Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden, einschließlich Schweißen und Löten. @de

joining function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Verbindungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie Schweißen oder Löten zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

knife
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Messer @de
definition: A tool with a sharp edge, typically made of metal, used for cutting food, materials, or other substances.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit einer scharfen Schneide, üblicherweise aus Metall, das zum Schneiden von Lebensmitteln, Materialien oder anderen Substanzen verwendet wird. @de

laser spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: aggregate state
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: crystal structure
label: Laserspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process, that uses laser light to probe the properties of materials.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das Laserlicht verwendet, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. laser absorption spectroscopy, laser emission spectroscopy, ultra-fast laser spectroscopy.

lasercutter
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Laserschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes laser beams to create precise cuts in various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Laserstrahlen verwendet, um präzise Schnitte in verschiedenen Materialien wie Holz, Kunststoff, Metall usw. zu erzeugen. @de

lathe
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Drehmaschine @de
definition: A lathe is a forming machine that rotates a workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation.
definition: Eine Drehmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, das ein Werkstück um seine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung durchzuführen. @de

light microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: optical microscopy
label: Lichtmikroskopie @de
definition: An optical microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and visualize specimens, enabling the study of the microstructure and morphology of materials.
definition: Ein optisches Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um Proben zu vergrößern und zu visualisieren, wodurch die Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of a light microscopy process is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, which uses laser light to scan specimens and create high-resolution, three-dimensional images. Another example is Fluorescence Microscopy, which uses fluorescent dyes to label specific components of the specimen, allowing for the visualization of structures that are otherwise difficult to see. A third example is Polarized Light Microscopy, which utilizes polarized light to enhance contrast in samples with birefringent properties, such as crystalline materials.

load cell
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_cell
label: Kraftmessdose @de
definition: A device that converts mechanical force into a measurable signal by sensing the physical deformation of a structural element.

machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Maschinelles Lernen @de
definition: A simulation process that uses algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Algorithmen verwendet, um Computern das Lernen aus Daten und das Treffen von Vorhersagen zu ermöglichen. @de
example: Predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials based on their composition.
abbreviation: ML

machining geometrically defined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Bestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A separating process that involves removing material with a tool that has a defined shape and sharp edges, such as in sawing and drilling operations.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit einem Werkzeug mit definierter Form und scharfen Kanten entfernt wird, wie z. B. beim Sägen und Bohren. @de
example: Drilling, Turning

machining geometrically undefined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Unbestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A separating process that involves removing material using tools with undefined cutting edges, such as grinding or abrasive machining, where the exact shape of the cutting part isn't clearly defined.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit Werkzeugen mit undefinierten Schneiden abgetragen wird, wie z. B. beim Schleifen oder bei der abrasiven Bearbeitung, bei der die genaue Form des zu schneidenden Teils nicht klar definiert ist. @de
example: Grinding, Blasting

magnetic property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

magnetizing
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/magnetisieren/
label: Magnetisieren @de
definition: A changing properties of material process in which ferromagnetic materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, causing the material to take on magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem ferromagnetische Stoffe einem äußeren Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden wodurch der Stoff magnetische Eigenschaften übernimmt. @de
example: Static Magnetization, Pulse Magnetization.

magnetizing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Magnetisierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for inducing a magnetic field in materials to alter their magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Induktion eines Magnetfelds in Materialien, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de

magnetizing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Magnetisierungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

magneto electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: magnetic property
label: Magnetische Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that investigates the magnetic and electrical properties of materials, including conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, permeability, and magnetization.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die magnetischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, Permittivität, Permeabilität und Magnetisierung. @de

manufacturing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Fertigungsfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

manufacturing process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: completely executed planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: Class
      union of: object aggregate
      union of: object
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: Class
      union of: object aggregate
      union of: object
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
comment: Manufacturing processes alternate qualities of materials, i.e., a value specification of some quality of a material entity, which is a specified input to the process, cannot be the same as a value specification of the same quality of another material entity, which is a specified output of the process. Unfortunately it is not possible to write down such axiom based on OWL. Semi-working solution are the temporally qualified continuants + SPARQL constrains.
label: Herstellungsprozess @de
definition: A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
definition: Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

map
type: Class
subclass of: 2D
definition: A map is a 2D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Massenspektrometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in a sample.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Massen-zu-Ladung-Verhältnisses von Ionen zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in einer Probe. @de

mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: density
label: Massenspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in a sample.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das das Masse-zu-Ladung-Verhältnis von Ionen misst, um Moleküle in einer Probe zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. @de
example: Examples are e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, particle beam mass spectrometry.

matrix role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: filler role
disjoint with: precipitate role
definition: Matrix is the role of a 'PortionOfConnectedMatter' that implies to host the Filler.
isInMinimalProfile: true

measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Messfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das Ausmaß, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

mechanical property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: mechanical process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material
comment: The axiom that mechanical property has realization some application of mechanical load treats only conventional materials and not such effects as magnetostriction etc.
definition: A mechanical property is a material property which is a characteristic of material M. Mechanical property has realization in a stimulating process (in most cases, application of mechanical load), and the stimulating process is an occurent part of another process, in which an object O that is an instance of M participates.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mechanical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: mechanical property
label: Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that evaluates the mechanical characteristics of materials, such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties, often through tests that measure response to forces and loads.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Festigkeit, Härte, Elastizität und Zugfestigkeit, oft durch Tests, die die Reaktion auf Kräfte und Lasten messen. @de

melting point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The melting point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

metal
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: crystallite
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: Class
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crystallographic texture
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
comment: typically observed through crystallographic analysis
definition: an intensive quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a polychrystal
isInMinimalProfile: true

micrometer gauge
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/micrometer%20caliper
label: Bügelmessschraube @de
definition: A measuring device for making precise measurements having a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt ein Werkzeug zur Durchführung präziser Messungen mit einer Spindel, die durch eine Feingewindeschraube bewegt wird. @de

microscope
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Mikroskop @de
definition: A device used to magnify and view small objects or details that are not visible to the naked eye.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Vergrößerung und Betrachtung kleiner Objekte oder Details, die mit bloßem Auge nicht sichtbar sind. @de

microscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Mikroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das verschiedene Arten von Mikroskopietechniken verwendet, um die Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu visualisieren und zu analysieren. @de
definition: Microscopy process that uses various types of microscopy techniques to visualize and analyze the microstructure and morphology of materials at different scales.
example: Electron microscopy, which provides detailed images at high resolution; ion microscopy, which offers high-precision imaging and material milling capabilities; and optical microscopy, which uses visible light to study e.g. the microstructure of materials.
abbreviation: Mikroskopie @de

microstructure
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: The focus of interest when looking at an object through the microstructure perspective is often its morphology.
definition: A microstructure is a portion of matter that represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.
isInMinimalProfile: true

microtome
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Mikrotom @de
definition: A Microtome is a Measuring Device that cuts extremely thin slices of material, often for examination under a microscope.
definition: A device used to cut extremely thin slices of material, often for microscopic examination.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um extrem dünne Scheiben von Material zu schneiden, oft für mikroskopische Untersuchungen. @de
definition: Ein Mikrotom ist ein Messgerät, das extrem dünne Scheiben von Material schneidet, oft zur Untersuchung unter einem Mikroskop. @de

milling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Fräsmaschine @de
definition: A milling machine is a forming machine that performs machining operations to remove material from a workpiece using rotary cutters.
definition: Eine Fräsmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, das Bearbeitungsoperationen durchführt, um Material von einem Werkstück mithilfe von Fräsern zu entfernen. @de

Mohs hardness
type: Class
subclass of: scratch hardness
definition: Scalar scratch hardness scale used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.
isInMinimalProfile: true

monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A simulation process that uses random sampling to solve physical and mathematical problems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der zufällige Stichproben verwendet, um physikalische und mathematische Probleme zu lösen. @de
example: Predicting the diffusion behavior of atoms in a metal at high temperatures.

multimodal deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Multimodales Deep Learning @de
definition: A deep learning process that integrates and processes data from multiple modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio) to improve performance and gain a more comprehensive understanding.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Daten aus mehreren Modalitäten (z.B. Text, Bilder und Audio) integriert und verarbeitet, um die Leistung zu verbessern und ein umfassenderes Verständnis zu erlangen. @de
example: Combining microscopy images and spectroscopic data to predict the properties of new materials more accurately.

multiscale simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Multiskalensimulation @de
definition: A simulation process that integrates models at different scales to study a system's behavior.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Modelle auf verschiedenen Skalen integriert, um das Verhalten eines Systems zu untersuchen. @de
example: Studying the interaction between microstructural and macroscopic properties in metallic alloys.

nanoindentation process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Nanoindentationsverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing processs that measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale using a sharp indenter.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Härte und den elastischen Modulus von Materialien im Nanomaßstab mittels eines scharfen Eindringkörpers misst. @de
example: Nanoindentation of thin films to evaluate their mechanical properties for use in microelectronic devices.

natural organic material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: organic composition
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: Class
      union of: biological_process
      union of: geological process
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: organic composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Class
    union of: biological_process
    union of: geological process
definition: Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
definition: material derived from natural biological sources or processes
isInMinimalProfile: true
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

chemical reaction
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.

optical microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Optisches Mikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and view small objects or details.
definition: Ein Mikroskop, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um kleine Objekte oder Details zu vergrößern und zu betrachten. @de

optical microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
label: Optische Mikroskopie @de
definition: A microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and image a specimen, widely used for examining the microstructure and morphology of materials.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um eine Probe zu vergrößern und abzubilden, und weit verbreitet zur Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ist. @de
example: An example is Light Microscopy.

optical profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: surface profilometer
label: Optisches Profilometer @de
definition: An optical profilometer is a surface profilometer that measures surface profiles and roughness by analyzing the interference patterns of light reflected from a specimen's surface.
definition: Ein optisches Profilometer ist ein Gerät, das Oberflächenprofile und Rauheit misst, indem es die Interferenzmuster von Licht analysiert, das von der Oberfläche eines Präparats reflektiert wird. @de

optical property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: absorption of wave radiation
definition: An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.
isInMinimalProfile: true

optical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: optical property
label: Optische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that assesses the optical characteristics of materials, such as refractive index, absorption, transmission, reflectivity, and luminescence.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Brechungsindex, Absorption, Transmission, Reflexion und Lumineszenz. @de

phase boundary (realization)
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: A phase boundary is a realizable entity that is realized by the transition between distinct phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

photochemical process
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Photochemische Verfahren @de
definition: A changing properties of material process in which light, typically ultraviolet (UV) light is used to trigger chemical reactions. In the printing industry and some additive manufacturing methods, this light exposure is used to harden photoresists or cure inks and resins. The process relies on the specific wavelengths of light to initiate chemical changes in the material.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem Licht, in der Regel ultraviolettes (UV) Licht, zur Auslösung chemischer Reaktionen verwendet wird. In der Druckindustrie und bei einigen additiven Fertigungsverfahren wird diese Lichteinwirkung zur Härtung von Fotolacken oder zur Aushärtung von Tinten und Harzen verwendet. Das Verfahren beruht auf den spezifischen Wellenlängen des Lichts, um chemische Veränderungen im Material auszulösen. @de
example: Exposure

physical simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pole figure
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: map
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: crystallographic texture
definition: A pole figure is a map depicting a 2D stereographic projection which represents crystallographic orientations of grains in a polycrystalline material in respect to the sample's reference frame.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polishing machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Poliermaschine @de
definition: A polishing machine is a forming machine that smooths the surface of a material by rubbing it with a tool, abrasive, or chemical.
definition: Eine Poliermaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die die Oberfläche eines Materials durch Reiben mit einem Werkzeug, Schleifmittel oder Chemikalien glättet. @de

polymer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: polymerization
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: polymerization
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by van der waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pore growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: Pore growth is an evolution of damage describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

connected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
example: the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body
isInMinimalProfile: true

disconnected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
example: a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital
isInMinimalProfile: true

powder
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggregate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.
isInMinimalProfile: true

precision lathe
type: Class
subclass of: lathe
label: Präzisionsdrehmaschine @de
definition: A precision lathe is a lathe that rotates a workpiece about an axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation with extreme accuracy.
definition: Eine Präzisionsdrehmaschine ist eine Drehmaschine, die ein Werkstück um eine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung mit extremer Genauigkeit durchzuführen. @de

pressing on - in
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-3
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-3 @de
label: Anpressen - Einpressen @de
definition: A joining process that involves mechanically pressing one component into or onto another to create a secure fit, thereby establishing a strong mechanical connection.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Bauteil mechanisch in oder auf ein anderes gepresst wird, um eine sichere Passung und damit eine feste mechanische Verbindung herzustellen. @de
example: Clamps, Brackets, Wedging

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
disjoint with: temperature
comment: The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
definition: an intensive quality describing the force exerted per unit area in or on a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pressure measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Druckmessfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
definition: Eine Messfunktion, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition @de
label: Urformen @de
alternative label: Primary Forming
definition: A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der aus formlosem Stoff durch das Herstellen von Kohäsion ein definiertes Werkstück schafft, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Materials im Endprodukt sichtbar werden. @de
example: Casting, Sintering

primary shaping by additive manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Durch Additive Fertigung @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials through additive manufacturing techniques.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch additive Fertigungstechniken beinhaltet. @de
example: 3D printing of polymer objects.

primary shaping by welding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials by welding.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Fabrication of steel structures using welding techniques.

primary shaping from the chip or fiber state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Spanförmigen Oder Faserförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a chip or fiber state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem span- oder faserförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Compression molding of wood chips into particle boards.

primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for thin film production.

primary shaping from the granular or powdered state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Körnerförmigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a granular or powdered state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder metallurgy for creating metal parts.

primary shaping from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus DemIonisierten Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma arc welding.

primary shaping from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Casting of molten metal into molds.

primary shaping from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Thermoforming of plastic sheets.

primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials through the transition from a pulpy or pasty state into a solid form.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch den Übergang aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand in eine feste Form beinhaltet. @de
example: Pottery

rebound hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reflectivity
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
definition: The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reinforcement learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Reinforcement Learning @de
definition: A deep learning process that involves training models to make sequences of decisions by rewarding desired actions and punishing undesired ones.
definition: Ein Deep Learning Prozess, der Modelle darin trainiert, Abfolgen von Entscheidungen zu treffen, indem gewünschte Aktionen belohnt und unerwünschte bestraft werden. @de
example: Using RL to optimize the process parameters in additive manufacturing (3D printing) to achieve the desired material properties and reduce defects.
abbreviation: RL

removing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8590
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8590 @de
label: Abtragen @de
definition: A separating process that involves removing material through thermal, chemical and electrochemical methods.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material durch thermische, chemische und elektrochemische Methoden abgetragen wird. @de
example: Electrical Discharge Machining, Thermal Ablation

rheological property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Rheologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that determines the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied forces, including viscosity, elasticity, and plasticity, often through rheometry and viscometry techniques.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Deformationsverhalten von Materialien unter Einwirkung von Kräften bestimmt, einschließlich Viskosität, Elastizität und Plastizität, oft durch Rheometrie- und Viskosimetrie-Techniken. @de

rheometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Rheometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the flow and deformation properties of materials, particularly liquids and semi-solids.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Fließ- und Verformungseigenschaften von Materialien, insbesondere von Flüssigkeiten und Halbfeststoffen. @de

rheometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
label: Rheometry @de
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Verformungsverhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich komplexer Flüssigkeiten und weicher Feststoffe, um umfassende Daten zu viskoelastischen Eigenschaften unter Verwendung von Rheometern zu liefern. @de
definition: Rheological property analyzing process that measures the flow and deformation behavior of materials, including complex fluids and soft solids, to provide comprehensive data on viscoelastic properties using rheometers.

sample role
type: Class
subclass of: role
editor note: ANMERKUNG: Ein Sample ist ein Teil (oder das Ganze) eines Probestücks. Das Probestück wird bei der Herstellung eines industriell verwendeten Produktes gezielt für die Überprüfung des Produkteigenschaften bereitgestellt. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
editor note: In certain cases, the sample can be the specimen or the test piece itself.
editor note: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) unmittelbar als Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probe dienen. @de
editor note: NOTE: A Sample is a part (or the whole) of a Sample product. The Sample product is specifically produced portion of an industrially used and traded product for the purpose of determining the properties/quality of the product. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
definition source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Probe-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is a quantity of material taken from a (sample) product, that is sufficient for the purpose of obtaining test pieces.
definition: Rolle eines Objektes, das eine von einem Probestück/Material entnommene Menge ist, welche (vom Umfang her) geeignet ist Proben (Test Pieces) herzustellen. @de

saw
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
definition: A saw is a device used to cut materials, especially wood. It usually consists of a thin, sharp metal blade fitted with teeth and a handle or frame that allows the user to guide the saw. There are different types of saws designed for different applications, including handsaws, circular saws, hacksaws and band saws. Each type of saw is designed for specific tasks and materials to enable efficient cutting.
definition: Eine Säge ist ein Gerät, das zum Zerteilen von Materialien, insbesondere von Holz, verwendet wird. Sie besteht in der Regel aus einem dünnen, scharfen Metallblatt, das mit Zähnen versehen ist, und einem Griff oder Rahmen, der es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, die Säge zu führen. Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Sägen, die für verschiedene Anwendungen konzipiert sind, darunter Handsägen, Kreissägen, Bügelsägen und Bandsägen. Jede Art von Säge ist auf bestimmte Aufgaben und Materialien abgestimmt, um effizientes Schneiden zu ermöglichen. @de
definition: Säge @de

scanning electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: electron microscope
label: Rasterelektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a measuring device that produces high-resolution images of a sample surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.
definition: Ein Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) ist ein Messgerät, das hochauflösende Bilder einer Probenoberfläche erzeugt, indem es sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl abtastet. @de

pair of scissors
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Schere @de
definition: A tool with two sharp blades that are brought together by pressure on the handles to cut paper, fabric, or other materials.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit zwei scharfen Klingen, die durch Druck auf die Griffe zusammengeführt werden, um Papier, Stoff oder andere Materialien zu schneiden. @de

scratch hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition source: A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
definition: The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

scratch testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Kratzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the scratch resistance of materials by applying a scratching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Kratzkraft. @de

scratch testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Ritzhärteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates a material's resistance to scratching, measuring hardness and adhesion properties.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Kratzer bewertet und seine Härte- und Haftungseigenschaften misst. @de
example: Scratch testing of a coated surface to determine the adhesion quality of the coating to the substrate.

separating
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: manufacturing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: cut function
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: cut function
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
label: Trennen @de
definition: A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt. @de
example: Disassembling, Removal
abbreviation: Cutting

shear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schubprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the shear strength of materials by applying a shearing force and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Schubkraft und Messung der Verformung. @de

shear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Schubprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures a material's response to shear forces, determining its shear strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Scherkräfte misst und seine Scherfestigkeit und seinen Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Shear testing of rivets to ensure they can hold structural components together under lateral loads.

simulation method specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

simulation device
type: Class
subclass of: computing device
label: Simulationsknoten @de
definition: A computing device that implements foo as well as consumes and creates simulation objects and parameters.

simulation process
type: Class
subclass of: computing process
label: Simulationsprozess @de
definition: A computing process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques.
definition: Ein Datenverarbeitungsprozess, der das Verhalten eines Systems im Laufe der Zeit mit mathematischen oder rechnerischen Techniken modelliert @de

sintering
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/sintern/
label: Sintern @de
definition: A changing properties of materials process in which granular and powdery materials, which have already been shaped in the first step, are mixed and combined and compacted by heating.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, bei dem körnige und pulverförmige Stoffe, welche im ersten Schritt bereits in Form gebracht wurden, vermischt und durch Erwärmung verbunden und verdichtet werden. @de
example: Metal Powder Sintering, Ceramic Sintering

sizing saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
label: Formatkreissäge @de
definition: A sizing saw is an industrial circular saw designed for large cutting formats in woodworking and furniture production.
definition: Eine Formatkreissäge ist eine industrielle Kreissäge, die für große Schnittformate in der Holzverarbeitung und Möbelherstellung ausgelegt ist. @de

slide
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schlitten @de
definition: A moving device that is guided by a part along its path, providing the mount for objects.
definition: Eine bewegliche Vorrichtung (Gerät), die von einem Teil entlang ihrer Bahn geführt wird und die Halterung für Objekte bildet. @de

soldering device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Lötgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials together by melting and applying a filler metal.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen und Auftragen eines Füllmetalls. @de

soldering function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Lötfunktion @de
definition: A soldering function is a joining function that is realized in connecting materials using solder.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

spalling testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Abplatzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to spalling or flaking under various conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Materialien gegenüber Abplatzungen oder Abblätterungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen. @de

spalling testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Abplatzprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates the resistance of a material to surface spalling or flaking under high impact or thermal stresses.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen Oberflächenabplatzungen oder Abblättern unter hohen Stoß- oder thermischen Belastungen bewertet. @de
example: Spalling testing of refractory bricks used in furnaces to ensure their longevity and performance under extreme conditions.

specific surface area
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality embodying the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.
isInMinimalProfile: true

spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Spektrometer @de
definition: A spectrometer is a measuring device that measures the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically to analyze the composition of a material.
definition: Ein Spektrometer ist ein Messgerät, das die Eigenschaften von Licht über einen bestimmten Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums misst, typischerweise zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung eines Materials. @de

spectroscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: composition
label: Spektroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that measures the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine e.g. the composition, structure, and other properties of materials.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit Materie misst, um die Zusammensetzung, Struktur und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zu bestimmen. @de

spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
disjoint with: time series
definition: A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

speed of sound
type: Class
subclass of: acoustic property
definition: The speed of sound is an acoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: deformation
disjoint with: strength
definition: The stiffness is a material property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stimulating process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Class
        union of: disposition
        union of: material property
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: characteristic of
        some values from: portion of matter
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: disposition
      union of: material property
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: characteristic of
      some values from: portion of matter
definition: The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stochastic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

strength
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The strength is a material property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural and chemical decay
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: functional material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: mechanical function
editor note: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A structural material S is an engineered material which has the disposition to be used for an object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural optimization simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Strukturoptimierungssimulation @de
definition: A simulation process that aims to find the most stable structure of a molecular system by minimizing its energy.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der darauf abzielt, die stabilste Struktur eines molekularen Systems durch Minimierung seiner Energie zu finden. @de
example: Optimizing the atomic structure of a catalyst to enhance its performance.

structural property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the external and internal structure and morphology of materials, including the arrangement of atoms, crystals, grains, and phases, often using techniques like microscopy and diffraction.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die äußere und innere Struktur und Morphologie von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich der Anordnung von Atomen, Kristallen, Körnern und Phasen, oft unter Verwendung von Techniken wie Mikroskopie und Beugung. @de

subject of adjustment role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Einstellungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: A device role that is being adjusted. The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Einstellungsgegenstand), das eingestellt wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

subject of calibration role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: A device role that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

sublimation point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The sublimation point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition from the solid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

supercritical fluid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Überkritische Fluidchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that utilizes a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate components, offering higher speed and efficiency compared to traditional methods.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das ein überkritisches Fluid als mobile Phase verwendet, um Komponenten zu trennen, und im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden eine höhere Geschwindigkeit und Effizienz bietet. @de
example: Supercritical fluid chromatography is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures of polymers and plastics.

supercritical fluid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Überkritisches Fluid-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system for separating and analyzing compounds using supercritical fluids as the mobile phase in chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen unter Verwendung überkritischer Flüssigkeiten als mobile Phase in der Chromatographie. @de

supervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
definition: A machine learning process that learns a function mapping from input data to labeled output data.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der eine Funktion erlernt, die Eingabedaten auf beschriftete Ausgabedaten abbildet. @de
example: Training a model to predict the tensile strength of a material based on its composition and manufacturing process parameters. This involves using a dataset where the tensile strength is already known (labeled data) to train the model.

surface layer (fiat object part)
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
definition: A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
example: When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

surface profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Oberflächenprofilometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the surface profile and texture of materials.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Oberflächenprofils und der Textur von Materialien. @de

temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
comment: The concept refers to an absolute temperature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
comment: To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
definition: The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.
isInMinimalProfile: true

temperature change device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Temperaturänderungswerkzeug @de
definition: A device that is used for the alteration and adjustment of the temperature of a tangible object or the environment, e.g., a furnace and cooling media.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt allgemein jedes Werkzeug, das zur Änderung und Einstellung der Temperatur eines materiellen Objekts oder der Umgebung verwendet wird, z. B. einen Ofen und Kühlmittel. @de

temperature change function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Temperaturänderungsfunktion @de
definition: A function in heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

temperature measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Temperaturmessfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
definition: Eine Messefunktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

temporal property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tensile testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Zugprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the tensile strength and elongation of materials by applying a stretching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Dehnkraft. @de

tensile testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Zugprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that determines a material's response to tensile forces, measuring its tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Zugkräfte bestimmt und seine Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung und seinen Elastizitätsmodul misst. @de
example: Tensile testing of polymer films to ensure they can stretch without breaking in packaging applications

test piece role
type: Class
subclass of: role
editor note: ANMERKUNG: Ein Test Piece ist ein Teilstück (potenziell alles) eines Specimens, welches die Bedingungen erfüllt, die durch ein anzuwendendes Prüfverfahren gestellt werden. Ein Specimen erfüllt diese Anforderungen im Allgemeinen erst nach weiterer Bearbeitung. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
editor note: In certain cases, the test piece can be the sample or the specimen itself.
editor note: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) oder der Prüfling (Specimen) unmittelbar als Probe dienen. @de
editor note: NOTE: A Test Piece is a piece that is taken from a specimen (potentially the whole specimen), which fulfills the requirements, that are set by the test procedure in which the test piece is about to be used. A specimen fulfills this requierements generally speaking only after further treatment/processing. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
definition source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Proben-Rolle @de
definition: Role of object which is a part taken from a specimen or sample; the part has specified dimensions, is machined or un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test
definition: Rolle eines Objekts, welches eine Probe ist, die aus einem Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probenabschnitt (Sample) entnommen wurde; die Probe hat festgelegte Dimensionen, kann maschinell bearbeitet sein, wurde in einen für die Verwendung in einem Prüfverfahren notwendigen Zustand gebracht @de

testing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Testfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

textile joining
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Keine offizielle Definition in DIN @de
definition source: No official definition in DIN
label: Textiles Fügen @de
definition: A joining process that involves connecting textile materials.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem textile Materialien miteinander verbunden werden. @de
example: Sewing, Stapling

thermal conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
definition: The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal conductivity measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessverfahren @de
definition: A thermal property analyzing process that measures the thermal conductivity of a material, determining its ability to conduct heat.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Materials misst und dessen Fähigkeit bestimmt, Wärme zu leiten. @de
example: Measuring the thermal conductivity of a composite material used in aerospace applications to ensure efficient heat dissipation.
abbreviation: TCMP

thermal conductivity measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: heat flow
definition: A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: thermal property
label: Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that measures the thermal behavior of materials, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and phase transitions in response to temperature changes.
definition: Eine Analyse, die das thermische Verhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich Wärmekapazität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, thermischer Ausdehnung und Phasenübergängen in Reaktion auf Temperaturänderungen. @de

thermocouple
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Thermocouple.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermocouple. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Thermoelement @de
definition: A device for measuring temperature in which a pair of wires of dissimilar metals (such as copper and iron) are joined and the free ends of the wires are connected to an instrument (such as a voltmeter) that measures the difference in potential created at the junction of the two metals.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Temperaturmessung, bei dem ein Paar Drähte aus unterschiedlichen Metallen (z. B. Kupfer und Eisen) verbunden und die freien Enden der Drähte mit einem Instrument (z. B. einem Voltmeter) verbunden werden, das die an der Verbindungsstelle erzeugte der beiden Metalle Potentialdifferenz misst . @de

thermocycler
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
label: Thermocycler @de
definition: A thermocycler is a temperature change device that rapidly changes the temperature of a sample in cycles, often used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
definition: Ein Thermocycler ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das die Temperatur einer Probe in Zyklen schnell ändert, oft verwendet in der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). @de

thermogravimetric analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Thermogravimetrische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A thermal property analyzing process that measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere, determining its thermal stability and composition.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Massenänderung eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur oder Zeit in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre misst und dessen thermische Stabilität und Zusammensetzung bestimmt. @de
example: Thermogravimetric analysis of a metal alloy to determine its oxidation stability at high temperatures.
abbreviation: TGA

thermomechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Thermomechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A thermomechanical property analyzing process that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, determining its coefficient of thermal expansion.
definition: Ein Thermoanalytisches Verfahren, das die Maßänderungen eines Materials als Funktion der Temperatur misst und seinen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bestimmt. @de
example: Thermomechanical analysis of a polymer to ensure it maintains dimensional stability under varying temperature conditions.
abbreviation: TMA

thermomechanical treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Thermomechanisches Behandeln @de
definition: A changing properties of material process that involves the simultaneous application of heat and mechanical stresses. Thermomechanical treatment is utilized to alter and improve the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die gleichzeitige Anwendung von Wärme und mechanischen Spannungen beinhaltet. Die thermomechanische Behandlung wird eingesetzt, um die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials zu verändern und zu verbessern. @de
example: Hot Isostatic Pressing

thin-layer chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Dünnschichtchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates non-volatile mixtures by applying a sample on a thin layer of an adsorbent material and using a solvent to move the components up the layer based on their affinities.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das nichtflüchtige Gemische trennt, indem eine Probe auf eine dünne Schicht eines Adsorptionsmaterials aufgetragen und ein Lösungsmittel verwendet wird, um die Komponenten basierend auf ihren Affinitäten entlang der Schicht zu bewegen. @de
example: Using thin-layer chromatography to analyze the composition of a polymer mixture to identify different components.

thin layer chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Dünnschichtchromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating compounds in a sample using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a plate.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung von Verbindungen in einer Probe unter Verwendung einer dünnen Schicht adsorbierenden Materials auf einer Platte. @de

3d printer
type: Class
subclass of: additive manufacturing device
label: 3D-Drucker @de
definition: A 3D Printer is an additive manufacturing device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital model.
definition: Ein 3D-Drucker ist ein Gerät für die additive Fertigung, das dreidimensionale Objekte durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus einem digitalen Modell erzeugt. @de

time series
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
definition: A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.
isInMinimalProfile: true

torsion testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Torsionsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to twisting forces by applying a torque and measuring the resulting deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Widerstands von Materialien gegenüber Drehkräften durch Anwendung eines Drehmoments und Messung der resultierenden Verformung. @de

torsion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Torsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's behavior when subjected to twisting forces, determining its torsional strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials bei Torsionskräften bewertet und seine Torsionsfestigkeit und Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Evaluating the torsional strength of a metal rod used in a mechanical shaft to prevent failure under rotational loads.

triple point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: a state of matter boundary (point) realized by transition from the solid state to the liquid state or the the gaseous state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

ultrasonic cleaner
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning device
label: Ultraschallreiniger @de
definition: A device that uses ultrasound and a cleaning solvent to clean delicate or complex items.
definition: An Ultrasonic Cleaner is a Cleaning Device that uses high-frequency sound waves and a cleaning solvent to remove contaminants from delicate or complex items.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Ultraschall und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um empfindliche oder komplexe Gegenstände zu reinigen. @de
definition: Ein Ultraschallreiniger ist ein Reinigungsgerät, das Hochfrequenzschallwellen und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um Verunreinigungen von empfindlichen oder komplexen Gegenständen zu entfernen. @de

ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Ultraviolett-Visible-Spektrophotometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the absorbance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Absorption einer Probe im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums. @de

unsupervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
definition: A machine learning process that identifies patterns and relationships in data without using labeled outcomes.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der Muster und Zusammenhänge in Daten identifiziert, ohne beschriftete Ergebnisse zu verwenden. @de
example: Using clustering algorithms to group similar materials based on their properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, thermal conductivity) without prior knowledge of the categories. For instance, discovering new categories of alloy compositions that exhibit similar thermal properties.

viscometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Viskosimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the viscosity of liquids, providing information about their flow properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten, das Informationen über ihre Fließeigenschaften liefert. @de

viscometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
label: Viskosimetrie @de
definition: A rheological property analyzing process that measures the viscosity of a fluid, which is its resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress, using viscometers or rheometers.
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Viskosität einer Flüssigkeit misst, also deren Widerstand gegen allmähliche Verformung durch Scher- oder Zugspannung, unter Verwendung von Viskosimetern oder Rheometern. @de

water purification system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Wasseraufbereitungssystem @de
definition: A water purification system is a device used to remove contaminants from water to produce clean and safe drinking water.
definition: Ein Wasseraufbereitungssystem ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Verunreinigungen aus Wasser zu entfernen, um sauberes und sicheres Trinkwasser herzustellen. @de

waterjet cutter
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Wasserstrahlschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes a high-pressure stream of water or a water stream with abrasive particles to cut materials such as metal, stone, plastic, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Hochdruckwasserstrahl oder einen Wasserstrahl mit abrasiven Partikeln verwendet, um Materialien wie Metall, Stein, Kunststoff usw. zu schneiden. @de

absorption of wave radiation
type: Class
subclass of: absorption of radiation
definition: process of taking up elctromagnetic radiation by a material entity

wear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Verschleißprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the wear resistance of materials by subjecting them to abrasive conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Verschleißfestigkeit von Materialien durch Aussetzen dieser Bedingungen unter Abrasivbedingungen. @de

wear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Verschleißprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates the resistance of a material to wear and abrasion, simulating real-life conditions of friction.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahrenn, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verschleiß und Abrieb bewertet und reale Reibungsbedingungen simuliert. @de
example: Wear testing of automotive brake pads to ensure longevity and performance under repetitive braking conditions.

welding device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schweißgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials by melting them together, typically with the addition of a filler material.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen, üblicherweise unter Zugabe eines Füllmaterials. @de

welding function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Schweißfunktion @de
definition: A welding function is a joining function that is realized in fusing materials by welding.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Schweißtechniken zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

x-ray analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Röntgen Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that uses X-rays to investigate the internal structure, composition, and properties of materials by measuring the interaction of X-rays with the sample.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um die innere Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen, indem die Wechselwirkung der Röntgenstrahlen mit der Probe gemessen wird. @de

x-ray computed tomography
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: size
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: shape
label: Röntgen-Computertomographie @de
definition: A X-ray analyzing process, that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of an object.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um detaillierte Querschnittsbilder eines Objekts zu erstellen. @de
example: For example, X-ray Computed Tomography can be used to analyze the porosity of cement. This process allows researchers to visualize and quantify the distribution, size, and connectivity of pores within the cement.
abbreviation: CT

x-ray diffraction process
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: crystal structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: crystallographic texture
label: Beugungsprozess @de
definition: An X-ray analyzing process, that involves the interaction of X-rays with the crystalline structure of a material.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit der kristallinen Struktur eines Materials umfasst. @de
example: XRD is used to e.g. determine the crystal structure of newly synthesized compounds to determine the crystal lattice arrangement.
abbreviation: XRD

x-ray mapping
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: chemical composition
label: Röntgen-Mapping @de
definition: An X-ray analyzing process, that generates a spatial distribution map of the elements within a specimen by scanning the sample with an electron or X-ray beam and detecting the emitted X-rays, providing detailed compositional information across the sample's surface.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das eine räumliche Verteilungskarte der Elemente innerhalb einer Probe erstellt, indem die Probe mit einem Elektronen- oder Röntgenstrahl abgetastet und die emittierten Röntgenstrahlen detektiert werden, wodurch detaillierte Zusammensetzungsinformationen über die Oberfläche der Probe geliefert werden. @de
example: An example of an X-ray Mapping process is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

x-ray microanalysis
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: chemical composition
label: Röntgen-Mikroanalyse @de
definition: An X-ray analyzing process that determines the elemental composition and chemical properties of a specimen by detecting and analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample when it is irradiated with a focused electron beam.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die elementare Zusammensetzung und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Probe bestimmt, indem die charakteristischen Röntgenstrahlen detektiert und analysiert werden, die von der Probe emittiert werden, wenn sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl bestrahlt wird. @de
example: An example for X-ray Microanalysis process is Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.

x-ray spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Röntgenspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process, that analyzes the interaction of X-rays with matter to determine the material's composition and structure.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit Materie analysiert, um die Zusammensetzung und Struktur des Materials zu bestimmen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection spectroscopy.

x-ray diffractometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenbeugungsgerät @de
definition: An X-Ray diffractometer is a measuring device that determines the crystal structure of materials by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays passed through a sample.
definition: Ein Röntgenbeugungsgerät ist ein Messgerät, das die Kristallstruktur von Materialien durch Analyse der Beugungsmuster von durch eine Probe geleiteten Röntgenstrahlen bestimmt. @de

x-ray analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenanalysator @de
definition: A device used to analyze the composition and properties of materials through X-ray techniques such as diffraction or fluorescence.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien durch Röntgenverfahren wie Beugung oder Fluoreszenz. @de

x-ray computed tomography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgen-Computertomographiesystem @de
definition: A device that uses X-ray computed tomography techniques to produce cross-sectional images of a material.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Röntgen-Computertomographietechniken verwendet, um Querschnittsbilder eines Materials zu erstellen. @de

x-ray mapping device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenkartierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for mapping the spatial distribution of elements or compounds within a material using X-ray fluorescence or diffraction techniques.
definition: Ein Gerät, das zur Kartierung der räumlichen Verteilung von Elementen oder Verbindungen innerhalb eines Materials mithilfe von Röntgenfluoreszenz- oder -beugungstechniken verwendet wird. @de

x-ray microanalysis system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenmikroanalyssystem @de
definition: A device used for microanalysis of materials using X-ray techniques to determine elemental composition at a microscopic scale.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mikroanalyse von Materialien unter Verwendung von Röntgentechniken zur Bestimmung der Elementzusammensetzung auf mikroskopischer Ebene. @de

angle
type: Class
subclass of: geometric relational quality
definition: A property that represents the measure of rotation or inclination between two intersecting lines or planes, independent of the size of the object.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: A quantitative indication of the doubt about a measurement result, expressing the range within which the true value is expected to lie.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

calibration process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
definition: A process of comparing measurement values delivered by an instrument or system with known reference standards to ensure accuracy and traceability.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

expriment designing process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
definition: A planned process of planning and structuring experimental methods, conditions, and variables to reliably test hypotheses or obtain data.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

test piece preparation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition source: https://www.britannica.com/science/sample-preparation
definition: A planned processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

date value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
definition: A datum that represents a date or time interval associated with another specification.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

depth
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: The distance from a reference surface or point to a specific point or feature along a perpendicular or defined direction.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

diagonal
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: A straight line connecting two non-adjacent corners or vertices of a polygon.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

cutting device
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
definition: A device designed to cut, slice, divide, or sever objects.

hand held device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: hand holdable disposition
definition: A device that has the disposition to be grasped and operated by a human hand and is designed for manual use.

corrosion resistant
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: a disposition to withstand corrosive attack to a certain extend

carbon steel
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of carbon
definition: ferrous metal that has a limited amout of carbon

cast iron
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous metal
definition: ferrous metal that has an amout of min 2.07 wt % carbon

stainless steel
type: Class
subclass of: steel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: corrosion resistant
definition: steel that contains chromium, making it resistant to corrosion (rust).

tool steel
type: Class
subclass of: steel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: hardenable
definition: steel with tailored mechanical properties

alloy steel
type: Class
subclass of: steel
definition: steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight, typically to improve its mechanical properties

chromium steel
type: Class
subclass of: steel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of chromium
definition: steels containing chromium as an intentional alloying element, characterized by mechanical strength and hardness suitable for engineering applications such as bearings, tools, drills, and utensils, but lacking the corrosion resistance required to qualify as stainless steel

non-ferrous metal
type: Class
subclass of: metal
definition: metals or alloys that do not contain iron (allotropes of iron, ferrite, and so on) in appreciable amounts.

zinc alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of zinc
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of zinc combined with other elements

hardenable
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: a disposition to gain a greatly increased hardness at the surface or entire volume by the process of hardening

precious metal
type: Class
subclass of: metal
definition: metal that is rare, naturally occurring, and have high economic value due to their resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and chemical reaction

gold metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of gold
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of gold

silver metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silver
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of silver

platinum metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of platinum
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of platinum

palladium metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of palladium
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of palladium

rhodium metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of rhodium
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of rhodium

portion of rhodium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: rhodium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhodium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of rhodium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhodium atom.

portion of tellurium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tellurium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tellurium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of tellurium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tellurium atom.

containing magnetic species
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: A material property that inheres in a material entity in virtue of the presence of one or more magnetic species (e.g. ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic particles or atoms), and that manifests under appropriate conditions as the ability of that material entity to exhibit a magnetic response or influence in a magnetic field.

bioactive
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition that inheres in a material entity and is realized in an organismal context as a specific interaction with one or more biological systems, producing a measurable biological effect (e.g., therapeutic, toxic, or signaling outcome).

bioinert
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: a disposition to elicit minimal or no biological response when in contact with tissue or implanted
example: non-toxic and non-immunogenic, with little or no bonding or integration with the body.

bioresorbable
type: Class
subclass of: biocompatible
comment: being absorbed or excreted as it performs its function, often eliminating the need for removal.
definition: biocompatibe and degrading and being resorbed by the body over time

organic composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: A composition characterized by a primary molecular structure of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen (C-H bonds), typically forming linear, branched, or networked chains.

inorganic composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: material composition based on chemical elements other than those defining organic compounds, typically characterized by ionic or metallic bonding and the absence of a carbon-hydrogen ($C-H$) framework

specific strength
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: SI unit for specific strength is Pa⋅m3/kg, or N⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m2/s2, In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength
definition: Specific strength is a quality that inheres in a material entity and is defined as the ratio of its tensile strength to its density.

polymerization
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The chemical process of reacting monomers, oligomers, or reactive precursors together to form longer macromolecular chains or three-dimensional networks

curing
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains.

biomedical material
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: medical application role
alternative label: biomaterial
comment: related to the use of a material. it is part of objects which participates some medical processes
definition: A non-living material intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body.

elemental semiconductor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: semiconductor
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    qualified cardinality: 1
    on class: Class
      intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has disposition
        some values from: semiconductivity
subclass of: semiconductor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has disposition
      some values from: semiconductivity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: portion of pure chemical element
comment: Primarily includes group 14 elements like Silicon, Carbon, Germanium, Tin but also Selenium (group 16) and Boron (group 13).
definition: semiconductor that shows semiconductive behavior as a pure element
example: Silicon, Carbon, Germanium, alpha-Tin

compound semiconductor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: semiconductor
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: portion of pure chemical element
subclass of: semiconductor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: portion of pure chemical element
alternative label: alloy semiconductor
definition: semiconductor which is composed of two or more pure elements
example: boron nitride (BN), gallium arsenide (GaAs), aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), indium gallium nitride (InGaN)

organic semiconductor
type: Class
subclass of: semiconductor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has quality
      some values from: organic composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: organic composition
definition: semiconductor which consists of organic (carbon based) molecules or polymer

hybrid semiconductor
type: Class
subclass of: semiconductor
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: organic semiconductor
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: Class
      union of: elemental semiconductor
      union of: compound semiconductor
definition: semiconductor which consists of organic semiconductors and non-organic semiconductors

medical application role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: a role realized through the intentional interface with a biological system for the purpose of evaluating, treating, augmenting, or replacing any tissue, organ, or function of the body

magnesia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of magnesium
definition: oxide ceramic consisting primarily of magnesium oxide

silicide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silicon
definition: non-oxide ceramic consisting of a silicon and another element

cermet
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: metal
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
alternative label: ceramic-metal composite
definition: metal matrix composite material consisting of a ceramic phase (typically carbides or nitrides) bonded with a continuous metallic phase

phase (thermodynamic)
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A thermodynamic phase is a material entity that forms a homogeneous portion of matter within a thermodynamic system and is characterized by uniform thermodynamic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

filler role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Filler is the role of a 'PortionOfDisconnectedMatter' that implies being hosted in a matrix.
isInMinimalProfile: true

precipitate role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Precipitate is the role of a portion of matter that implies being hosted in a matrix and the Precipitate derives from the matrix or the Precipitate derives from the thing that the matrix derives from.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crystal
type: Class
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: crystal structure
definition: A crystal is an object that has a quality "crystal structure".
isInMinimalProfile: true

composition data item
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: data item
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: fraction value specification
editor note: See editior note of composition to underatand the difference between composition and chemical composition data items. To understand the difference between the composition and the composition data item, one has to understand the difference between SDCs and GDCs in BFO. A triple "material entity has quality compsition", conveys the fact such quality exists without telling us what are fractions of compounds in this material entity. A triple "compostion is subject of composition data item" conveys that there's an information about values of these fractions. Think of comosition data item as a pdf where the composition is documented.
comment: These portions of other matters do not have to be portions of specific chemical elements, i.e., atomic composition, but rather portions of other substances, such as nitric acid and water.
alternative label: composition specification
definition: Composition data item is an information content entity that is about composition of a material enity. It has members fraction value specifications which specifiy values of propotions of compounds, which are parts of the material enity.
example: Nitric acid solution has quality composition, and the composition data item is about this composition.The composition data item has members fraction specifications of nitric acid, e.g., 4 vol.%, and distilled water. These fraction specifications specify value of pure substances of nitric acid and distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications specify values of relational qualities (volume) proportion of nitric acid and (volume) proportion of distilled water.
isInMinimalProfile: true

porosity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: itensive quality embodiying the fraction of the materials (enclosing) spatial region occupied by pores.
isInMinimalProfile: true

corrosion
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: changes quality
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: chemical composition
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: quality of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
comment: Corrosion is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function.
definition: corrosion is a slow chemical or electrochemical degradation process of a material entity due to its interaction with the surrounding environment.

metallic grain structures
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bainite
  one of: austenite
  one of: ferrite
  one of: ledeburite
  one of: pearlite
  one of: widmanstatten structure
  one of: martensite
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: The metallic grain structures is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the metallic grain structure quality. It describes the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hydrogen bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition: A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
example: The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxygen end.
isInMinimalProfile: true

obstacle role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: An obstacle role is a role of an independent continuant C that is realized in a motion process and indictes that C hinders the motion of a participant in the process.
example: A precipitate or grain boundary may hinder the motion of a dislocation.

portion of iron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iron atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
definition: A 'portion of iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.

portion of indium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: indium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of indium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.

portion of chromium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: chromium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of chromium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.

portion of carbon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of carbon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.

portion of germanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: germanium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of germanium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.

portion of tungsten
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tungsten
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
definition: A 'portion of tungsten' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.

portion of erbium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: erbium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of erbium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.

portion of molybdenum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: molybdenum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
definition: A 'portion of molybdenum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.

portion of niobium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: niobium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of niobium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.

portion of rhenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: rhenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of rhenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.

portion of lithium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lithium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of lithium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.

portion of nitrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: nitrogen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
definition: A 'portion of nitrogen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.

portion of cobalt
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cobalt atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
definition: A 'portion of cobalt' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.

portion of gold
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: gold atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
definition: A 'portion of gold' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.

portion of argon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: argon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of argon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.

portion of cadmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cadmium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of cadmium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.

portion of barium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: barium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of barium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.

portion of tantalum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tantalum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
definition: A 'portion of tantalum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.

portion of antimony
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: antimony atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
definition: A 'portion of antimony' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.

portion of potassium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: potassium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of potassium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.

portion of phosphorus
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: phosphorus atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
definition: A 'portion of phosphorus' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.

portion of boron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: boron atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
definition: A 'portion of boron' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.

portion of helium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: helium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of helium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.

portion of silicon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: semiconductivity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: silicon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
subclass of: semiconductor
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of silicon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.

portion of nickel
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: nickel atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
definition: A 'portion of nickel' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.

portion of yttrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: yttrium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of yttrium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.

portion of zirconium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: zirconium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of zirconium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.

portion of copper
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: copper atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
definition: A 'portion of copper' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.

portion of bohrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bohrium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of bohrium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.

portion of fluorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: fluorine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
definition: A 'portion of fluorine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.

portion of platinum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: platinum
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
definition: A 'portion of platinum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.

portion of cerium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cerium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of cerium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.

portion of sulfur
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: sulfur atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
definition: A 'portion of sulfur' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.

portion of lead
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lead atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
definition: A 'portion of lead' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.

portion of krypton
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: krypton atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
definition: A 'portion of krypton' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.

portion of bismuth
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bismuth atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
definition: A 'portion of bismuth' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.

portion of neon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: neon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of neon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.

portion of thallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: thallium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of thallium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.

portion of selenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: selenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of selenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.

portion of ruthenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: ruthenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of ruthenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.

portion of magnesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: magnesium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of magnesium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.

portion of zinc
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: zinc atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
definition: A 'portion of zinc' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.

portion of mercury
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: mercury atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
definition: A 'portion of mercury' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.

portion of xenon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: xenon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of xenon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.

portion of aluminium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: aluminium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of aluminium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.

portion of sodium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: sodium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of sodium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.

portion of iodine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iodine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
definition: A 'portion of iodine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.

portion of caesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: caesium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of caesium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.

portion of chlorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: chlorine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
definition: A 'portion of chlorine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.

portion of silver
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: silver atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
definition: A 'portion of silver' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.

portion of samarium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: samarium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of samarium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.

portion of manganese
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: manganese atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
definition: A 'portion of manganese' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.

portion of arsenic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: arsenic atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
definition: A 'portion of arsenic' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.

portion of beryllium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: beryllium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of beryllium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.

portion of calcium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: calcium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of calcium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.

portion of neodymium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: neodymium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of neodymium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.

portion of hydrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: hydrogen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
definition: A 'portion of hydrogen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.

portion of osmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: osmium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of osmium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.

portion of iridium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iridium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of iridium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.

portion of gallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: gallium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of gallium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.

portion of bromine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bromine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
definition: A 'portion of bromine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.

portion of tin
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tin atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
definition: A 'portion of tin' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.

portion of hafnium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: hafnium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of hafnium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.

portion of uranium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: uranium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of uranium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.

portion of oxygen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: oxygen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
definition: A 'portion of oxygen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.

portion of palladium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: palladium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of palladium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.

portion of vanadium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: vanadium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of vanadium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.

portion of scandium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: scandium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of scandium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.

portion of titanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: titanium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of titanium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.

steel
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous metal
definition: ferrous metal that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities)

nature constant
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
definition: A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, maginitude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
example: Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, etc.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice (3D)
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bravais lattice triclinic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice cubic face-centered
subclass of: categorical value specification
comment: TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
definition: The bravais lattice is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the crystal structure quality. It describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements.
isInMinimalProfile: true

proportion
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
disjoint with: bond
alternative label: concentration
alternative label: fraction
definition: A proportion is a relational quality between two entities (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: Mass proportion is a proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.
isInMinimalProfile: true

molar proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
alternative label: Molar Ratio
definition: Molar proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entities count of the whole.
example: The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxygen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.
isInMinimalProfile: true

volume proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: Volume proportion is a proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.
isInMinimalProfile: true

geogenic mineral
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mineral
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: geological process
subclass of: mineral
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: geological process
definition: material that is formed through geological processes
example: such as Quartz (Silicates) or calcite (Carbonate) or Feldspar (Aluminosilicate)

polycrystal
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: crystallite
alternative label: Polycrystalline structure
definition: A polycrystal is a connected material entity aggregate that consists of multiple crystal grains joined through crystallographic interfaces.
isInMinimalProfile: true

grain size distribution
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fluid (object)
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: Fluid (object) is an object that consists of some portion of matter which bears an aggregate state that concretizes a liquid or gaseous aggregate state.

medium role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Medium role is a role beared by an object which implies that the object serves as an intermediary for the transmission of something else, like energy, force, or information.
example: Air in the air cooling process, N2 atmosphere in a furnace cooling process, oil in a quenching process, crystal lattice in a solid state diffusion

aerosol
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gaseous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: aggregate state solid
  one of: aggregate state liquid
  one of: aggregate state gaseous
  one of: aggregate state plasma
  one of: aggregate state atom gas
  one of: aggregate state supercritical fluid
  one of: aggregate state mesomorphic
  one of: aggregate state suprafluid
  one of: aggregate state suprasolid
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: The aggregate state value is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the aggregate state quality.
isInMinimalProfile: true

foam
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
definition source: old defintion: A foam is a material entity aggregate that is also a composite material c. The parts of c that have the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that have the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its surrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending on the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.
definition: A foam is a connected material entity aggregate that consists of a solid or liquid matrix containing gas-filled or vacuum-filled pores forming cellular structures.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermodynamic system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reversible process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

driving force of phase in system
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: Driving force of phase in a system is a relational quality that inheres between two material entities, the species and the material (system). The driving force is a factor that promotes a physical process or (eletro-)chemical reaction in a material (system) to occur and proceed towards completion. It can be quantified as the gradient of the activity of the participating species.
example: For α → β: ΔG = G_β − G_α. If ΔG < 0, the transformation is thermodynamically favorable; many report the driving force as F = −ΔG > 0
isInMinimalProfile: true

intensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
subclass of: Restriction
disjoint with: extensive quality
alternative label: Point property
definition: An intensive quality is a quality that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

Axiom
annotated source: intensive quality
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
comment: Due to the duality of object and portion of matter this axiom can not be an equivalent class axiom.

size
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: an extensive quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
comment: Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
definition: Mass is fundamental extensive quality.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stimulus role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The stimulus role is a role that an object bears in a process when causally influencing another object that bears a stimulation target role in the same process. 'Role' implies here, that the 'bearing' assignment depends on the intent.

stimulation target role
type: Class
subclass of: test piece role
definition: See 'Stimulus role'

phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: The number of phases involved can vary as well as the mechanisms involved can be different.
definition: A thermodynamic phase transformation is a process in/of a thermodynamic system, that involves the transformation of phases of the system to other phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
disjoint with: metastable phase
comment: See metastable phase
definition: A stable phase is a phase that does not have a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" in the "pmd:phase transformation" it participates.
example: A phase that participates in a phase transformation pt and pt that is not a metastable phase.
isInMinimalProfile: true

lot
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same production process.

melt
type: Class
subclass of: fluid (object)
label: Schmelze @de
definition: is a fluid (object) with a disposition to realize a blank role in a manufacturing process
example: molten PLA in a 3D printing process

portion of pure chemical element
type: Class
subclass of: pure substance
definition: A portion of pure chemical element is a pure substance composed of multiple atoms, which are all of the same kind.

fatigue (reaction to repetitive loading)
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: Fatigue is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function.
definition: fatigue is a process that affects an material entities integrity by nucleation and growing cracks.

energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition source: OEO_00000150
definition: an extensive quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)
isInMinimalProfile: true

process chain
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process chain is a process that 'has continuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1.

product (chemical reaction)
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Product is the role of a material entity that is output of a chemical reaction and is created or transformed during the reaction.

educt
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Educt is the role of a material entity that is input of a chemical reaction and is consumed or transformed during the reaction

catalyst
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Catalyst is the role of a participant in a chemical reaction that does not alter its qualities/realizable entities after the chemical reaction.

eutectoid phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is defined on the phase diagram at fixed composition and typically proceeds by diffusion‑controlled nucleation and growth (e.g., γ → α + Fe3C producing pearlite in steels).
definition: A eutectoid phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a solid parent phase of eutectoid composition decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

extensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: An extensive quality is a quality that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metastable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
comment: The stability of a phase can only be evaluated in the context of a (possibly unknown) phase transformation process.
definition: A metastable phase phase_trans is a phase that has a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" disp_trans and disp_trans is realized in a "pmd:phase transformation" proc_trans and proc_trans has participant sys_trans and sys_trans has part phase_trans.
isInMinimalProfile: true

volume
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: Volume is a three dimensional size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

internal energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
disjoint with: interatomic interaction energy
definition: Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.
isInMinimalProfile: true

component
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A component is an object aggregate that bears a function in a technical system.

technical system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: function
definition: A technical system is an object aggregate: 1. that is output of a manufacturing process, 2. that has some function 3. whose continuant parts are some components.

precipitation (phase)
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It proceeds by nucleation and growth.
definition: Precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution is a phase transformation process in which a single supersaturated parent phase decomposes into a solute‑depleted matrix and dispersed, compositionally distinct precipitate phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

interatomic interaction energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
definition: Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.
isInMinimalProfile: true

peritectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is marked on phase diagrams by a peritectic point and proceeds by an interfacial, diffusion‑controlled reaction that is often kinetically sluggish, leading to incomplete transformation or complex microstructures during solidification.
definition: A peritectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase and an existing solid phase react on cooling to form a different solid phase (L + α → β).
isInMinimalProfile: true

spinodal decomposition
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: Unlike nucleation and growth transformations, it has no nucleation barrier and proceeds by uphill diffusion and wavelength‑selective amplification of composition modulations, producing an interconnected, compositionally modulated microstructure that coarsens over time.
definition: Spinodal decomposition is a diffusion‑controlled continuous phase transformation in which a single homogeneous solution spontaneously separates into two compositionally distinct phases by amplification of infinitesimal concentration fluctuations.
isInMinimalProfile: true

parent phase role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: daughter phase role
definition: The parent phase role is the role of a phase that dissolves during the phase transformation process. As such, the bearer is a metastable phase.

daughter phase role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The daughter phase role is the role of a phase that forms during the phase transformation process.

microconstituent (phase mixture)
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: In metallography the term phase is sometimes used to denote microconstituents. To avoid confusion, the term phase should only be used for thermodynamic phases.
definition: A portion of matter that has one or more thermodynamic phases arranged in a characteristic spatial configuration (morphology) as parts.
example: Pearlite is a microconstituent that has as parts the thermodynamic phases ferrite (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) as parts. The characteristic spatial arrangement is in that case the lamellar orientation of the phases. Martensite is a microconstituent that has as part the thermodynamic ferrite phase with characteristic morphologies and chemistry. Its presence and amount is governed by the processing path and kinetics.
isInMinimalProfile: true

activity (thermodynamic)
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition source: old defintion: Activity (a_X) is a relational property between a chemical species X and a non-ideal solution. a_X is a measure of the effective concentration of a chemical species X in the non-ideal solution, accounting for interactions between particles. It is defined as the product of the concentration and an activity coefficient, where the activity coefficient corrects for non-ideal behavior.
definition: Thermodynamic activity is a relational quality that inheres between a chemical species and a non-ideal solution and represents the effective concentration of the species accounting for particle interactions.

activation energy
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: Activation energy (E_a) a process attribute characterizing the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction, allowing educts to overcome an energy barrier to transform into products.
isInMinimalProfile: true

eutectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: A eutectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

state of matter boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A state of matter boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one aggregate state to another aggregate state.
isInMinimalProfile: true

disposition of a phase to transform
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
comment: The disposition is grounded in the phases activity in the thermodynamic system in question.
definition: The disposition of a phase to transform into another phase in a phase transformation process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

heat (metallurgy)
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: melt
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: blank role
definition: A heat is a fixed amount of metallic alloy that may be input to some manufacturing process.

structural boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: Structural phase boundary is a phase boundary that is realized in the transition from one structure to another structure.
example: ɑ-Ɣ transformation in iron at 910 °C

magnetic boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A magnetic boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one magnetic ordering to another magnetic ordering.

mixture boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A mixture boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one phase to another phase in a system involving also chemical variations.

ingot
type: Class
subclass of: object
comment: The ingot may be hot rolled after casting...
label: Bramme @de
definition: An ingot is an object that has a thick section and may bear a semi finished product role and that is the specified output of a casting process. At the same time it is a material.

phase boundary (spatial)
type: Class
subclass of: fiat surface
editor note: Should it have exactly two phases as member parts?
definition: A fiat surface separating one phase from another phase.
example: The phase boundary between liquid and the gaseous phase in a tank. The phase boundary between Fe3C and Fe of a pearlite lamellae.

sheet
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A plate is a thin rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material.

billet
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A billet is a relatively compact object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material.

foil
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A plate is a very thin rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

coil (coiled sheet)
type: Class
subclass of: object
comment: Coils may have several sheets that are joined together.
definition: A coil is an object that has part some sheets or foils. At the same time it may be a material.

plate
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A plate is a thick rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

bar
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A bar is a long object with rectangular section that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

rod
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A rod is a long object with oval or round section that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

wire (semi finished product)
type: Class
subclass of: object
comment: This class does not include cables or other compound structures.
definition: A wire is a long and somewhat flexible object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material.

tube
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A tube is a long object with a hollow section and moderate wall thickness that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

pipe
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A tube is a long object with a hollow section and pronounced wall thickness that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

profile (semi finished product)
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A profile is a long object with determined section shape that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

stretch straightener machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Recker @de
definition: A strech straightener machine is a forming machine that is used in a "forming under tensile conditions" process.

rolling mill
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Walzwerk @de
definition: A rolling mill is a device that has part some rolling stand and whose specified input participates in some forming process.

rolling stand
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A rolling stand is a device that is part of a rolling mill, has some work rolls and participates in a rolling pass.
definition: Ein Walzstock ist ein Teil eines Walzwerks, hat als Teil Arbeitswalzen und nimmt Teil an einen Walzstich. @de

aluminium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of aluminium
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of aluminium mixed with other elements

copper alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of copper
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of copper combined with other elements

nickel alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of nickel
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of nickel combined with other elements

titanium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of titanium
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of titanium combined with other elements

metallographic section (surface)
type: Class
subclass of: surface layer (fiat object part)
definition: A surface layer (fiat object part) of an object which at the same time is a metal and the object is specified output of a planned process which describes the preparation of the surface.

metallographic section (embedded sample)
type: Class
subclass of: object
comment: Typical dimensions of the round mountings are a diameter of 20-50 mm and a thickness of 10-20 mm.
definition: A metallographic section (embedded sample) is an object that has two parts: a metallic object that has a metallographic section (surface) as part and the mounting which is produced during a hot embedding or cold embedding process.

macrosection (metallography)
type: Class
subclass of: metallographic section (surface)
definition: A macrosection (metallography) is a metallographic section (surface) that is produced directly on an object. The object may be cut in order to make accessible a section (fiat surface) of interest.

tensile testpiece
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A tensile testpiece is a longitudinal object that has two parts which were designed for gripping (gripping section) at its ends and a part between the gripping sections that has been designed to observe the materials or the objects reaction to tensile loading.

diffusion
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: often used to describe mass transport from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration
definition: process by which material entities spread or move due to random thermal motion

crystallization
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: process by which a solid with long-range order forms

recrystallization
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: process in which a new, defect-free grain structure forms in a material from an existing deformed grain structure.

lattice point
type: Class
subclass of: fiat point
definition: A lattice point is a fiat point that represents a position in a crystal lattice at which structural entities are regularly arranged.

interstitial site
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: An interstitial site is a site that is located between regular lattice points in a crystal structure.

slip plane
type: Class
subclass of: fiat surface
definition: A slip plane is a fiat surface that corresponds to a crystallographic plane of a 3D crystal along which dislocations can glide

force
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition source: Old definition: Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerts the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.
definition: A force is a realizable entity that consists of a reciprocal interaction between two objects and is realized as equal and opposite influences capable of changing motion or causing deformation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

section
type: Class
subclass of: fiat surface
definition: Section is a planar fiat surface cutting across the object

crack
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A crack is a site that consists of a physical separation within a material entity occurring at the level of atomic bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

notch
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A notch is a site that consists of a geometric surface feature of an object characterized by a strong local change in shape or cross-section.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pore
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A pore is a site that consists of a cavity located within the bulk of a material entity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

defect role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
example: A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.
isInMinimalProfile: true

unit cell (3D crystal)
type: Class
subclass of: three-dimensional spatial region
definition: A unit cell (3D crystal) is a three-dimensional spatial region that represents the smallest repeating region whose spatial translation reproduces a crystal lattice.

amount of substance
type: Class
subclass of: molar proportion
definition: Amount of substance n is a molar proportion when the whole is an object aggregate N, which has avogadro number objects (of same type) as parts (n = N/N_A).

slip direction
type: Class
subclass of: fiat line
definition: A slip direction is a fiat line that corresponds to the crystallographic direction along which dislocations glide os a slip plane.

slip system (3D)
type: Class
subclass of: categorical value specification
editor note: TODO: Indiviuals for the possible values need to be created, similar to the values of the Bravais lattice value individuals.
comment: Is determined by the Bravais lattice.
definition: specifies the value of the crystal slip plane together with the slip direction.

elemental crystal
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has member
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: portion of pure chemical element
subclass of: crystal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: portion of pure chemical element
definition: a crystal that consists of exactly one atomic species

allotropy of an elemental crystal
type: Class
subclass of: polymorphism of crystal
editor note: different structures of a crystal could be linked by a relational property 'allotrope of'
definition: a disposition of an elemental crystal to change its crystal structure

polymorphism of crystal
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
comment: stable structure depends on pressure and temperature
definition: disposition of a crystal to change its crystal structure

grain boundary
type: Class
subclass of: fiat surface
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: crystal
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has relational quality
      some values from: angle of misalignment (crystallography)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member of
  qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: Class
    intersection of: crystal
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has relational quality
      some values from: angle of misalignment (crystallography)
definition: A grain boundary is a fiat surface that separates adjacent grains in a polycrystalline material and is characterized by structural discontinuity.
definition: the part of a grain that is close to the grain boundary and possibly characterized by disorder is a fiat object part (grain surface layer)

diffraction
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process of interference of waves which, scattered by a material’s periodic features, produce characteristic patterns

wave
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: may propagate through a medium or vacuum characterized by frequency, wavelength, and speed
definition: is a process of a propagating of disturbance that transports energy and momentum

order scale value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: short range order
  one of: medium range order
  one of: long range order
  one of: no range order
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: possible values of characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material

order scale
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: order scale value
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: order scale value
definition: characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material

self-diffusion in crystaline solid
type: Class
subclass of: diffusion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: crystal
definition: diffusion of entites of a single type in a crystal that consists of entites of this same type

inter-diffusion in crystalline solid
type: Class
subclass of: diffusion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: crystal
definition: diffusion of entites of some type in a crystal that consists mostly of entites of a different type

vacancy diffusion
type: Class
subclass of: diffusion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: vacancy (crystal)
definition: diffusion process in which crystal forming entities move from lattice points to vacant adjacent lattice points

vacancy (crystal)
type: Class
subclass of: site
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: topObjectProperty
  some values from: lattice point
editor note: TODO: replace topObjectProperty with occupies spatial region
definition: site at lattice point at which the crystal forming entity is missing

interstitial diffusion
type: Class
subclass of: diffusion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: located in
      some values from: interstitial site
definition: diffusion process in which material entities move from interstitial sites to adjacent interstitial sites

flow
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: process attribute of
  some values from: continous transport
definition: amount of transported entites per time

solute role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: solvent role
definition: role of an entity that is present in minor concentration in a solution

solvent role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: role of an entity that is present in major concentration in a solution

solution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: pure substance
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: solute role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    qualified cardinality: 1
    on class: Class
      intersection of: pure substance
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: solvent role
subclass of: portion of matter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: solute role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: solvent role
definition: A portion of matter that is homogeneous, made up of at least two entity types, one playing the role of sovlent and the others playing the role of solute

solid solution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: solution
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: aggregate state
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: specified by value
        has value: aggregate state solid
subclass of: solution
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: aggregate state
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: specified by value
      has value: aggregate state solid
definition: a solution with solid aggregate state

interstitital solid solution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: solid solution
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: pure substance
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: solute role
subclass of: solid solution
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: entity
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: solute role
definition: a solid solution whose solute entities are located in the interstitial sites

substitutional solid solution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: solid solution
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: pure substance
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: solute role
subclass of: solid solution
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: entity
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: solute role
editor note: TODO: replace topObjectProperty with bfo:occupies spatial region
definition: a solid solution whose solute entities occupy lattice points

dislocation
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: a linear site in a cystal that interrupts the cystal ordering

screw dislocation
type: Class
subclass of: dislocation
definition: a dislocation characterized by shearing the chrystal by one plane

edge dislocation
type: Class
subclass of: dislocation
definition: a dislocation characterized by adding one extra half plane into the crystal lattice

mixed dislocation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: screw dislocation
  intersection of: edge dislocation
subclass of: screw dislocation
subclass of: edge dislocation
definition: a dislocation that spans edge dislocation as well as screw dislocation

Burgers vector
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: dislocation
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: located in
      some values from: crystal
definition: quality of a dislocation in terms of amount and direction in a specific crystal type

high angle grain boundary
type: Class
subclass of: grain boundary
definition: a grain boundary whose adjacent crystalls have a high angle of misalignment

small angle grain boundary
type: Class
subclass of: grain boundary
definition: a grain boundary whose adjacent crystalls have a small angle of misalignment

twin boundary
type: Class
subclass of: grain boundary
definition: grain boundary without distorted lattice

angle of misalignment (crystallography)
type: Class
subclass of: angle
definition: smallest rotation angle needed to rotate one crystal orientation to coincide with the neighboring orientation

grain size
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: polycrystal
editor note: size values of indiviudal grains are properties of the respective objects
definition: an intensive quality epitomizing the average size of the grains of a polycrystal

flux
type: Class
subclass of: flow
definition: a flow of a unit-entity per unit time

transport
type: Class
subclass of: process
editor note: the moved entity is passive, locomotion would be the active counterpart
definition: is a process in which an entity being moved within or accross another entity

continous transport
type: Class
subclass of: transport
definition: recurring transport of multiple entities, such that the transported entities are not being discretized anymore
example: the flow of a liquid in a pipe, diffusion of a gas in different gas

dispersion
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
comment: dispersion in optical glass is a refraction dependent on wavelength
definition: Optical property describing the wavelength dependent phase velocity.

diffusion flux
type: Class
subclass of: flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: process attribute of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: diffusion
    intersection of: continous transport
definition: flux transported by diffusion

ceramic crystal
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has relational quality
      some values from: Class
        union of: covalent bond
        union of: ionic bond
definition: a crystal whose atomic entities have a ionic or a covalent bond

alloy crystal
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has relational quality
      some values from: metallic bond
definition: a crystal whose atomic entities have a metallic bond

biocompatible
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive
definition: bioactive without causing harmful or unacceptable biological responses (toxicity, inflammation, immune reaction) and performce of its intended function or integration with the tissue.

composition
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
editor note: There's a dfference between composition and chemical compositon for the following reason: chemical compositon is relevant when the mass/volume/mole proportions of chemical elements(!) are identified, whlist composition includes proportions of molecules, other pure chemical substances, or even proptions of objects (in an object aggregate).
definition: Composition is an intensive quality which defines types and proportions of compounds present in a material entity and is subject of some composition data item.
example: 4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene
isInMinimalProfile: true
pattern example: Composition is a collective property of a portion of matter, i.e., the triple portion of matter has quality composition holds. As "has quality" is an inverse functional property, only one instance of portion of matter can have this specific composition. However, proportions describe the relation between the prortion of matter (the whole) and some compound (the part). Thus, the following triples hold: portion of matter has relational quality proportion; portion of matter has part some substance (or whatever is your part); substance has relational quality proportion. "Has relational quality" is not inverse functional, i.e., it can point to a single object from 2 distinct subjects.

chemical composition data item
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: composition data item
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: chemical composition
alternative label: chemical composition specification
definition: Chemical composition data item is an information content entity that is about composition of a portion of matter. It has members fraction value specifications which specifiy values of propotions of portions of (pure) chemical elements, which are parts of the portion of matter.
example: Steel has quality chemical composition , and the chemical composition data item is about the chemical composition .The chemical composition data item has members fraction specifications of iron and carbon. These fraction specifications specify value of portion of iron and portion of carbon respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications specify values of relational qualities (mass) proportion of iron and (mass) proportion of carbon.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metallic grain structure
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: metallic grain structures
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: metallic grain structures
comment: ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc.
definition: intensive quality epitomizing the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material.
isInMinimalProfile: false

alloy
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: metal
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: alloy crystal
subclass of: metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: alloy crystal
definition: metal that has part a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metallic element

3D
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A three-dimensional data item is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying material properties in its volume or describing a dependency of one variable on two other variables.
example: Orientation distribution function (ODF), potential energy landscape

frequency
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: Frequency is a process attribute which characterizes the rate per second of oscillation or vibration.
example: Frequency of electromagnetic wave, Frequency of sound wave.

transmission electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: electron microscope
label: Transmissionselektronenmikroskop @de
definition: An electron microscope that produces high-resolution images of a sample's internal structure by transmitting electrons through the sample.
definition: Ein Elektronenmikroskop, das hochauflösende Bilder der inneren Struktur einer Probe erzeugt, indem es Elektronen durch die Probe strahlt. @de
abbreviation: TEM

material reacting process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: occurs in
    some values from: portion of matter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in response to
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Class
        union of: disposition
        union of: material property
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: stimulating process
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: portion of matter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in response to
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: disposition
      union of: material property
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: stimulating process
comment: material reacting process has always energy minimization as a driving force.
definition: Material reacting process is a process which occurs in a portion of matter due to some of its disposition or behavioral material property which has realization in some stimulating process. Both the material reacting process and stimulating process must be occurent parts of a planned process, if the planned process takes place.

heating
type: Class
subclass of: change of temperature
definition: Heating is a change of temperature which corresponds to the increase of temperature in the system or object.

cooling
type: Class
subclass of: change of temperature
definition: Cooling is a change of temperature which corresponds to the decrease of temperature in the system or object.

analytical calculation
type: Class
subclass of: computing process
definition: Analytical calculation is a computing process which has value specification or measurement datum as a specified output. It applies a closed-form mathematical expression or formula to a set it specified inputs (value specifications) without requiring stochastic sampling, iterative numerical solving, or data-driven training.

single crystal
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
definition: Single crystal is a crystal which is not part of a polycrystal and its boundaries are its external surfaces.

portion of lanthanum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lanthanum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: 'portion of pure chemical element' and 'has part' only CHEBI:33336
definition: A portion of lanthanum is a portion of pure substance that has parts only chebi:lanthanum atom.

inner diameter
type: Class
subclass of: diameter
label: Innendurchmesser @de
definition: Der Innendurchmesser ist die Länge einer geraden Linie von einer Innenfläche eines Objekts oder Raums zur anderen Seite seiner Innenfläche durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums, wenn es eine Innen- und Außenfläche hat. @de
definition: Inner diameter is a length of a straight line from one inner surface of an object or space to the other side of its inner surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface.

outer diameter
type: Class
subclass of: diameter
label: Außendurchmesser @de
definition: Der Außendurchmesser ist die Länge einer geraden Linie von einer Außenfläche eines Objekts oder Raums zur anderen Seite seiner Außenfläche durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums, wenn es eine Innen- und Außenfläche hat. @de
definition: Outer diameter is a length of a straight line from one outer surface of an object or space to the other side of its outer surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface.

geometric relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: Geometric relational quality is a relational quality describing the geometric relation between two or more independent continuants.
example: Elongation of a specimen after a tensile step, i.e., the specimen before and after the test. Angle between a rolling direction of a rolled material and the longitudinal side of a specimen.

single fatigue testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
definition: Mechanical property analyzing process that is an occurent part of a fatigue testing process (S-N testing process). A single fatigue testing process assesses how many cycles a material can withstand under the given loading.

stamping press
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamping_press
label: Stanzmachine @de
definition: Eine Stanzmachine ist ein Werkzeug/Gerät zur Metallbearbeitung, das dazu dient, geschnittenes Metall durch Verformung mit einer Matrize zu formen. @de
definition: Stamping press is a metalworking device which is used to shape a cut metal by deforming it with a die.

fraction value specification
type: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: proportion
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: relational quality of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member of
  all values from: composition data item
definition: Fraction value specification is a value specification that contains information about quantitative share of a part relative to a specified whole.
example: 2.05 wt.% of carbon in steel, 4 vol.% of nitric acid in a solution

length
type: Class
subclass of: size
comment: Length is a size that describes the spatial extent of its bearer in one dimension.
alternative label: dimension
definition: Length is a one dimensional size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bond
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.
isInMinimalProfile: true

covalent bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
example: In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metallic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: metallic-bond-definition-properties-and-examples-4117948
definition: A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ionic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
example: An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermoplastic polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling

polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: polymerization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has input
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: ethylene group
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: poylethylen is a thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer ethylene including further crosslinking and modifications using other comonomers; it excludes ultra hight molecular polyethylen

low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density
abbreviation: PE-LD

high-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density
abbreviation: PE-HD

linear low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching
abbreviation: PE_LLD

polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
alternative label: polyethene
comment: this excludes ultra hight molecular polyethylen because very high molecular weight polyethylene is not thermoplastic anymore
definition: thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer propylene including further crosslinking and modifications using other comonomers
abbreviation: PP

isotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain
abbreviation: iPP

syndiotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain
abbreviation: sPP

atactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain
abbreviation: aPP

polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
alternative label: vinyl or polyvinyl
comment: they are usualy hard or soft and flexible with incrased use of plasticisers.
definition: thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer vinyl chloride
abbreviation: PVC

rigid polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: polyvinyl chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability
abbreviation: uPVC

flexible polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: polyvinyl chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility
abbreviation: fPVC

polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
definition: thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene
abbreviation: PS

general purpose polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing

high impact polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance

polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
comment: it is the dominant polyester utilized in global packaging and fiber applications
definition: thermoplastic polymer produced by polycondensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalate precursors
abbreviation: PET

amorphous polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: polyethylene terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure
abbreviation: APET

crystalline polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: polyethylene terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure
abbreviation: CPET

thermosetting polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: curing
definition: polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape

epoxy resin
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
alternative label: epoxy or polyepoxide
comment: they are utilized for high-performance structural adhesives, composite matrices, and protective coatings.
definition: thermosetting polymer that is a epoxide-functional oligomer curing via ring-opening into crosslinked networks used as precursors to thermosetting polymers

bisphenol a epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resin
definition: epoxy resin that is formulated using bisphenol a to enhance its mechanical properties

novolac epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resin
definition: epoxy resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance

phenolic resin
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
alternative label: phenol-formaldehyde
comment: they are utilized for flame-resistant adhesives, friction materials, and molded components
comment: they form rigid, char-forming crosslinked networks
definition: thermosetting polymer synthesized via condensation of phenol and formaldehyde

phenol-formaldehyde resin
type: Class
subclass of: phenolic resin
definition: phenolic resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde

melamine formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
alternative label: melamine-formaldehyde
comment: they are widely used in decorative laminates, kitchenware, and coating crosslinkers.
comment: they form hard, durable crosslinked networks.
definition: thermosetting aminoplast polymer synthesized via condensation

urea formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
definition: thermosetting polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.

elastomer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation

natural rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomer
comment: they are predominantly cis-1,4-polyisoprene,
comment: they are used widely in Heavy-duty truck tires
definition: elastomer polymer, and a biopolymer harvested as plant latex; consisting of cis-1,4-polyisoprene chains; typically sulfur-vulcanized to create crosslinks between chains

synthetic rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomer
definition: elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties

styrene-butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
comment: used widely for its good abrasion resistance and tunable hardness, for instance in tire treads.
definition: synthetic rubber and belongs to a family of synthetic random copolymer elastomers of styrene and butadiene, made by emulsion or solution polymerization and typically vulcanized

nitrile butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
alternative label: Nitrile
comment: Oil resistance, Fuel resistance
comment: it can have tunable polarity and oil/fuel resistance
definition: synthetic rubber that belongs to a family of synthetic acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymer elastomers
example: it is widely used in oil/fuel resistance applicaitons such as seals, fuel hoses, and protective gloves

ethylene propylene diene monomer
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
comment: it offers excellent weather resistance
definition: synthetic rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer

biodegradable polymers
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: polymer
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: biodegradability
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: biodegradability
definition: polymeric material that possesses the disposition to undergo decomposition through the metabolic activity of biological organisms, resulting in conversion into environmentally benign substances—such as carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts, and biomass—within a timescale that does not cause harmful accumulation in the environment
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

polylactic acid
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: biodegradable thermoplastic polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch

polyhydroxyalkanoates
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: polyhydroxyalkanoates are biodegradable polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids

polybutylene succinate
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: biodegradable thermoplastic polymer polyester that is synthesized via the polycondensation of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol

natural ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: conventional ceramics manufacturing
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: conventional ceramics manufacturing
definition: ceramic that is produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica

silicate ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silicon
definition: oxide ceramic consisting primarily of silicon oxide

clay-based ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
subclass of: silicate ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: manufacturing process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has specified input
      some values from: clay
disjoint with: non-clay ceramic
definition: silicate ceramics that are formed from natural clays

earthenware
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramic
definition: natural ceramic that is clay-based, formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material

stoneware
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramic
definition: natural ceramic that is clay-based, fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material

porcelain
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramic
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: glass
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
comment: a glass binder with ceramic filler produced from ceramics
definition: natural ceramic that is clay-bsed, distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance

aluminosilicate ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramic
definition: silicate ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides

mullite ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate ceramic
definition: aluminosilicate ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability

kaolinite ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate ceramic
definition: aluminosilicate ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity

non-clay ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramic
definition: natural ceramic that is formed from raw materials other than clay

glass-ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: ceramic
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: glass
        intersection of: Restriction
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: crystal structure
definition: Glass‑ceramics are inorganic, non‑metallic materials prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses via different processing methods; they contain at least one type of functional crystalline phase and a residual glass, and the crystallized volume fraction may vary from ppm to almost 100%.
definition: engenieered material that is inorganic, non‑metallic and prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses via different processing methods; they contain at least one type of functional crystalline phase and a residual glass, and the crystallized volume fraction may vary from ppm to almost 100%

diameter
type: Class
subclass of: length
definition source: “Diameter.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diameter. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
label: Durchmesser @de
definition: Die Länge einer geraden Linie durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums. @de
definition: The length of a straight line through the center of an object or space.

leucite-based glass-ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramic
definition: glass-ceramics that are non-clay ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties

fritted ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-clay ceramic
definition: non-clay ceramic that is manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials

technical ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications

oxide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of oxygen
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: ceramic crystal
definition: ceramic consisting primarily of metal oxide

alumina ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of aluminium
definition: oxide ceramic consisting primarily of aluminium oxide
abbreviation: Al₂O₃

zirconia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of zirconium
definition: oxide ceramic consisting primarily of zirconium oxide
abbreviation: ZrO₂

yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia ceramic
definition: zirconia ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance
abbreviation: YSZ

magnesia-stabilized zirconia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia ceramic
definition: zirconia ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability
abbreviation: MSZ

titania ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties
abbreviation: TiO₂

beryllia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is an advanced ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation
abbreviation: BeO

non-oxide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: ceramic crystal
definition: ceramic consisting primarily of non-oxide elements

carbide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of carbon
definition: non-oxide ceramic consisting of a metal and carbon

silicon carbide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silicon
definition: carbide ceramic consisting of silicon carbide

tungsten carbide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of tungsten
definition: carbide ceramic with tungsten

boron carbide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramic
definition: carbide ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density
abbreviation: B₄C

nitride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of nitrogen
definition: non-oxide ceramic consisting of a metal and nitrogen

silicon nitride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silicon
definition: nitride ceramic consiting of silicon nitride

aluminum nitride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of aluminium
definition: nitride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity
abbreviation: AlN

boron nitride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of boron
definition: nitride ceramic sonsisting of boron nitride

boride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of boron
definition: non-oxide ceramic consisting of a boron and another element

titanium diboride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramic
definition: boride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point
abbreviation: TiB₂

zirconium diboride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramic
definition: boride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability
abbreviation: ZrB₂

ceramic matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
definition: composite consisting of a ceramic matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
abbreviation: CMC

oxide-oxide composite
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic matrix composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: oxide ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: oxide ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
definition: ceramic matrix composite that consists entirely of oxide ceramic phases for both the matrix and reinforcement
example: aluminum oxide composites

alumina matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composite
definition: oxide-oxide composite that uses alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases

zirconia matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composite
definition: oxide-oxide composite that uses zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases

non-oxide composite
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic matrix composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: non-oxide ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
definition: ceramic matrix composite that consists of non-oxide ceramic phases (typically carbides, nitrides, or borides) for both the matrix and the reinforcement
example: Silicon Carbide (SiC) Matrix Composite; Carbon-Carbon (C/C) Composite

silicon carbide matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composite
definition: non-oxide composite that is built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases

carbon-silicon carbide composite
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composite
definition: non-oxide composite that consists of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance

electroceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: Class
      union of: superconducting
      union of: dielectric disposition
      union of: magnetic property
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: Class
    union of: superconducting
    union of: dielectric disposition
    union of: magnetic property
definition: ceramic that is specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications

dielectric ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: electroceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: dielectric disposition
subclass of: electroceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: dielectric disposition
definition: electroceramic that serves primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants

barium titanate ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: dielectric ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is dielectric and composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties
abbreviation: BaTiO₃

lead zirconate titanate ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: dielectric ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is dielectric and composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior
abbreviation: PZT

magnetic ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: electroceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: magnetic property
subclass of: electroceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: magnetic property
alternative label: ferrites
definition: electroceramic that exhibits magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides

superconducting ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: electroceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: superconducting
subclass of: electroceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: superconducting
definition: electroceramic that exhibits zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature

yttrium barium copper oxide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: superconducting ceramic
definition: oxide is a superconducting oxide ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature

bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: superconducting ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is superconducting and composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure

bioceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: Class
      union of: bioactive
      union of: bioinert
      union of: bioresorbable
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: Class
    union of: bioactive
    union of: bioinert
    union of: bioresorbable
definition: ceramic that is engineered to be compatible with biological systems

bioinert ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: bioinert
subclass of: bioceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: bioinert
definition: ceramic that is designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions

bioactive ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: bioactive
subclass of: bioceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: bioactive
definition: ceramic that interacts with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration

hydroxyapatite ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: bioactive ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is bioactive and composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone

bioresorbable ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: bioresorbable
subclass of: bioactive ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: bioresorbable
definition: ceramic that is designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue

silicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: silicon dioxide
definition: glass whose network is based primarily on silica (SiO₂)

soda-lime glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: calcium oxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: sodium hydroxide
comment: soda (Na₂O) acting as a flux and lime (CaO) acting as a stabilizer
definition: silicate glass that is composed of about 70% silica (SiO₂) with soda (Na₂O) and lime (CaO)
example: widely used as common window and container glass.

borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: diboron trioxide
comment: characteristically low thermal expansion and high thermal/chemical resistance compared with soda‑lime glass.
definition: silicate glass that uses boron trioxide (B₂O₃) as a major additional glass‑forming constituent

pyrex-type glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
definition: borosilicate glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.

aluminosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: aluminium oxide
comment: typically higher transformation/softening temperatures and improved mechanical/chemical performance compared with many common silicates
definition: silicate glass in which SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are key structural units

lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: lead oxide
comment: increased refractive index and modified working properties relative to ordinary silicate glasses
definition: silicate glass in which lead(II) oxide (PbO) is incorporated in significant amounts

potash lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: lead glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide

barium glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Barium glass is a form of lead glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties

high-temperature resistant glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
definition: aluminosilicate glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures

non-silicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
comment: Based on other glass formers or non‑oxide systems (e.g., phosphate (P₂O₅)-based, fluoride-based, or chalcogenide (S/Se/Te)-based compositions).
definition: glass whose primary glass‑forming network is not based on SiO₂

phosphate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: tetraphosphorus decaoxide
comment: (P₂O₅) as the glass former (i.e., replacing SiO₂ as the network basis).
definition: non‑silicate glass based primarily on phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅)

borate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: diboron trioxide
comment: It is distinct from borosilicate glass because B₂O₃ is the primary network former here rather than an added co‑former in a silica‑based network.
definition: non‑silicate glass based primarily on boron oxide (B₂O₃) as the glass‑forming network

germanate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glass
definition: non-silicate glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission

optical glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: optical property
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: refraction (optical)
comment: composition and processing chosen to achieve specified optical/mechanical parameters such as refractive index and dispersion.
definition: glass manufactured for optical components
example: e.g., lenses, prisms, mirrors

fused silica glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: optical glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: cooling
comment: obtained by melting silica and cooling fast enough to avoid crystallization.
definition: optical glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.|Fused silica is a silicate glass that is essentially pure, amorphous SiO₂
definition: silicate glass that is essentially pure, amorphous SiO₂
example: often called fused quartz or vitreous silica

crown glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: optical glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity

flint glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: optical glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion

specialty glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: glass that is engineered primarily for a targeted functional performance profile

chemically strengthened glass
type: Class
subclass of: toughened (tempered) glass
definition: glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength

ion-exchanged glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: ion-exchange hardening
subclass of: toughened (tempered) glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: ion-exchange hardening
definition: glass that is chemically strengthened and produced by exchanging ions to improve durability

aluminosilicate gorilla glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
subclass of: toughened (tempered) glass
definition: glass that is chemically strengthened

toughened (tempered) glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: hardening
subclass of: engineered material
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: hardening
definition: glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety

laminated glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: laminated composite
definition: glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance

electrochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: functional glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied

photochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: functional glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light

thermochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: functional glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature

lithium disilicate glass-ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramic
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: portion of barium
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: portion of lead
comment: Provides transparent attenuation of X‑rays (and, depending on design, gamma radiation).
definition: glass-ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal

transparent glass-ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramic
definition: glass-ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization

functional glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: function
subclass of: functional material
subclass of: glass
comment: axiom is related to functional material
definition: glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications

conductive glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: electrical conductivity
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: electrical conductivity
definition: glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity

magnetic glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: magnetic property
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: magnetic property
comment: Its composition and/or microstructure contains a significant population of magnetic species - typically transition‑metal or rare‑earth ions and/or magnetic nanophases - so that magnetic susceptibility/permeability/magnetization is a designed functional property of the glass.
definition: glass that exhibits intrinsic bulk magnetic behavior|Magnetic glass is functional glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties

iron-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
subclass of: magnetic glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: magnetic property
definition: borosilicate glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior

cobalt-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
subclass of: magnetic glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: magnetic property
definition: borosilicate glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties

nonlinear optical glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: optical glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: nonlinear optical property
subclass of: optical glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: nonlinear optical property
definition: optical glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light

chalcogenide glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glass
subclass of: optical glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: chalcogen
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: optical property
comment: Chalcogens such as sulfur, selenium, or tellurium as key constituents. Is valued particularly for infrared transparency.
definition: non‑silicate glass (generally non‑oxide) that contains one or more chalcogens

tellurite glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: nonlinear optical property
definition: glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties

bioactive glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: biocompatible
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: biocompatible
comment: enables bonding with bone tissue.
definition: glass that forms a biologically compatible hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer on its surface in physiological conditions

silicate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: bioactive silicate glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue

45S5 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: silicate-based bioactive glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone

S53P4 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: silicate-based bioactive glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity

phosphate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: phosphate glass
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: phosphate glass that is bioactive and composed predominantly of phosphate compounds

borate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: borate glass
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: borate glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction

amorphous metal glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid

iron-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: amorphous metal glass that is predominantly composed of iron

magnesium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: amorphous metal glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density

zirconium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: amorphous metal glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength

thickness
type: Class
subclass of: length
label: Dicke @de
definition: A length that describes the measured dimension in one direction of a test piece.
definition: Diese Klasse beschreibt das gemessene Maß in einer Richtung eines Prüfkörpers. @de

width
type: Class
subclass of: length
label: Breite @de
definition: Diese Klasse beschreibt eine horizontale Messung eines Objekts, die im rechten Winkel zur Länge des Objekts vorgenommen wird. @de
definition: This class describes a horizontal measurement of an object taken at right angles to the length of the object.

shape
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition source: “Shape.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shape. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Form @de
definition: Das sichtbare Ausstattungsmerkmal (räumliche Form oder Kontur) eines bestimmten Objektes oder einer Art von Objekt. @de
definition: Extemsive quality, the visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item.

geometry shape
type: Class
subclass of: shape
definition source: DIN EN ISO 6892-1:2019
label: Geometrische Form @de
definition: Dieses Konzept beschreibt die geometrischen Abmessungen und das Erscheinungsbild (Form und Abmaße) einer Probe, eines Prüfkörpers oder eines Prüfstücks, wie sie üblicherweise durch eine entsprechende Norm definiert sind. Dementsprechend ist der angegebene Formwert in Übereinstimmung mit der definierenden Norm anzugeben, z. B. "Zugprüfstück Form 1 gemäß Anhang B der Zugversuchsnorm". @de
definition: This concept describes the geometric dimensions and appearance (shape and dimensions) of a sample, specimen, or test piece as usually defined by a corresponding standard. Accordingly, the shape value given is in accordance with the defining standard, e.g., ‘tensile test piece shape 1 in accordance with annex B of the tensile test standard’.

shape 3d
type: Class
subclass of: geometry shape
label: 3D Geometrie @de
definition: A shape 3D is a geometry shape that exists in three dimensions, having length, width, and height, and can be defined by its spatial properties such as volume and surface area.
definition: Eine 3D Geometrie ist eine geometrische Form, die in drei Dimensionen existiert, mit Länge, Breite und Höhe, und die durch ihre räumlichen Eigenschaften wie Volumen und Oberfläche definiert werden kann. @de
example: Beispiele sind Formen wie Würfel, Kugeln und Pyramiden. @de
example: Examples include shapes like cubes, spheres, and pyramids.

device specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

material specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.
isInMinimalProfile: true

recipe
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that outlines the ingredients, proportions, and procedural steps required to prepare a specific product, typically in cooking, manufacturing, or chemical processes.

specification datum
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
comment: The intent of the specification datum is to express the "Sollwert" of some qualitiy or behavioral material property. Then, the specification datum can be further specified by some value specification.
definition: A directive information entity that provides information of a setpoint of some value, i.e., it is an intended value.
example: The setpoint value of a ultimate tensile strength of some steel material
isInMinimalProfile: true

semiconductor
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: semiconductivity
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: band gap
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: semiconductivity
definition: A semiconductor is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. This is a result of a range of inexistent energy states in ther electron configuration between the valence and conduction band (bandgap).
isInMinimalProfile: true

semiconductivity
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: Semiconductivity is the disposition of a material to conduct electricity only when a certain level of excitation (via temperature, impurities, photonic excitation, electric field) elevates electrons from the valence band into the conduction band.
isInMinimalProfile: true

band gap
type: Class
subclass of: energy
alternative label: bandgap
alternative label: energy gap
definition: A bandgap is an energy range between the valence band and the conduction band in a solid where no electronic states exist.
example: Silicon has a band gap of 1.107 eV at room temperature.

aluminum matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
comment: often used to improve stiffness/wear at low weight,
definition: metal matrix composite, consisting of an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials

titanium matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
comment: often chosen for elevated-temperature capability
definition: metal matrix composite, consisting of a titanium or titanium alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials

magnesium matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
comment: known for its ultra-low density and improved specific strength.
definition: metal matrix composite, consisting of a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials

copper matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
comment: often used for thermal management with high conductivity and tailored CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion)
definition: metal matrix composite, consisting of a copper or copper alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials

glass fiber reinforced polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer matrix composite
alternative label: GFRP/GRP
definition: polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with glass fibers

carbon fiber reinforced polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer matrix composite
definition: polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with carbon fibers

aramid fiber composite
type: Class
subclass of: polymer matrix composite
alternative label: Kevlar
definition: polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with aramid (aromatic polyamide) fibers

natural fiber composite
type: Class
subclass of: polymer matrix composite
definition: polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers derived from biological sources

biological material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: biological_process
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: biological_process
alternative label: biomaterial
comment: produced through biological synthesis processes like Biological growth, morphogenesis, secretion etc.
definition: material produced by a living organism
example: Biological Comosite such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool; Biopolymers such as cellulose, colagene; Biogenic minerals such as hydroxyapatite
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

biological composite
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: composite
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: biological_process
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: biological_process
definition: composite consisting of two or more distinct material phases organized in a multi-scale structure that act synergistically to fulfill specific properties or functions
example: such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool;
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

biopolymer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: polymer
  intersection of: biological material
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: biological material
alternative label: biomacromoleules
definition: polymer produced by the metabolic processes of a living organism
example: such as Polysaccharides like cellulose or Chitin; Proteins like colagene or Fibroin
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

biogenic mineral
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mineral
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: biological_process
subclass of: mineral
subclass of: biological material
definition: mineral that is inorganic crystalline or amorphous solid synthesized by a living organism
example: such as Calcium Carbonates (in shells), Calcium Phosphates (Hydroxyapatite in bone/teeth), or Silica (in diatoms)
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

bio-based material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: manufacturing process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has specified input
        some values from: biological material
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: manufacturing process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has specified input
      some values from: biological material
comment: produced through industrial syntesis processes like Chemical extraction, fermentation, or polymerization
definition: material intentionally processed from materials derived from living (or once-living) organisms
example: Engineered Biopolymers such as Polylactic Acid (PLA); Reconstituted Biopolymers such as Regenerated Cellulose (Rayon/Viscose); Biocomposites such as Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC); Biochemicals (e.g. Bio-based Adhesives)
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

engineered biopolymer
type: Class
subclass of: bio-based material
definition: bio-based material and polymer synthesized through the intentional industrial transformation, synthesis, or reconstitution processes using materials derived from living (or once-living) organisms
example: synthetic Bio-polymer such as Polylactic Acid (PLA): or Regenrated Biopolymrs like Rayon / Viscose reconstituted from pulp cellulose; or microbial Biopolymers like Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) synthesised by bacteria
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

bio-based composite
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: composite
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: bio-based material
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: bio-based material
alternative label: biocomposite; bio-composite
definition: composite consisting of at least one constituent derived from biological or bio-based sources
example: such as Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC), Hemp-fiber reinforced Polypropylene
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

bio-based chemical
type: Class
subclass of: bio-based material
alternative label: biochemicals
definition: bio-based material used in chemical reactions as a reactant
example: such as bio-based adhesives (e.g. Lignin-based); Bio-epoxy resin.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

thermosetting polyurethane
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
comment: offers high versatility in mechanical properties
definition: thermosetting polymer with carbamate crosslinks
abbreviation: PUR

unsaturated polyester resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
comment: they are used for fiber-reinforced composites
definition: thermosetting polymer system of unsaturated polyester prepolymers in reactive vinyl monomers; it cures by radical crosslinking into rigid networks

silicone rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
comment: it is available in multiple formulations and often filled.
comment: wide service temperature range
definition: synthetic rubber that belongs to crosslinked polysiloxane elastomer family, with organic side groups
example: widely used for its broad service temperature range in medical devices, gaskets, and culinary tools

polychloropren
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
alternative label: Neoprene
comment: it offers good weathering and ozone resistance.
comment: weathering resistance; ozone resistance
definition: synthetic rubber that belongs to the family of synthetic elastomeric rubbers; synthesised typically through emulsion polymerization of chloroprene
example: it is widely used in gaskets and wetsuits.

compression molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.1 “Pressformen”. @de
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.1 „Pressformen“. @de
label: Pressformen @de
alternative label: compression moulding
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a pre-measured, usually preheated molding compound is placed in an open, heated mold cavity and shaped by closing the mold and applying pressure until the material cures or solidifies to the final part geometry.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine dosierte, meist vorgewärmte Formmasse in eine offene, beheizte Formkavität eingelegt und durch Schließen des Werkzeugs unter Druck zur endgültigen Bauteilgeometrie ausgehärtet bzw. erstarrt wird. @de

biodegradability
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition source: orginal: "[biodegradability] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment." European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248
label: Biologische Abbaubarkeit @de
definition: "[Biologische Abbaubarkeit] [...] beschreibt die mikrobielle Umwandlung all seiner organischen Bestandteile in Kohlendioxid oder – unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen – in Kohlendioxid und Methan, neue mikrobielle Biomasse und Mineralsalze verstanden, und zwar innerhalb eines Zeitraums, der so kurz ist, dass es nicht zu dauerhaften Schäden oder Anreicherungen in der offenen Umwelt kommt." @de
definition: biodegradability is a disposition of a material which specifies its capability to be fully microbially converted into inorganic end products (CO₂, CH₄, mineral salts, biomass) within an environmentally non-harmful timescale.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

injection molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.2 “Spritzgießen”.
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.2 „Spritzgießen“. @de
label: Spritzgießen @de
alternative label: injection moulding; plastic injection molding
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which plastic granules are plasticised in an injection unit and the melt is injected under high pressure into a closed mold cavity, where it cools and solidifies to the final part shape.
definition: Urformverfahren, bei dem Kunststoffgranulat in einem Plastifizieraggregat aufgeschmolzen und die Schmelze mit hohem Druck in einen geschlossenen Formhohlraum eingespritzt wird, wo sie verdichtet, abkühlt und zum Formteil erstarrt. @de
example: Injection molding of polypropylene housings.

injection-compression molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.3 “Spritzpressen”.
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.3 „Spritzpressen“. @de
label: Spritzpressen @de
alternative label: injection–compression moulding; transfer molding (Spritzpressen)
definition: A hybrid primary shaping from the plastic state process that combines injection and compression: a pre-plasticised charge or melt is injected into a closed or partially open mold and then compressed by further mold closure or a plunger so that the material completely fills the cavity and cures or solidifies under heat and pressure.
definition: Urformverfahren, bei dem eine vorplastifizierte Formmasse aus einer beheizten Vorkammer bzw. einem Plastifizieraggregat in ein (teil-)geschlossenes Werkzeug eingespritzt und anschließend durch Schließen des Werkzeugs bzw. Nachdrücken verpresst wird, bis der Werkstoff unter Wärme und Druck aushärtet. @de
example: Injection-compression molding of epoxy-encapsulated electronic components.

extrusion
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.4
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.4 @de
label: strangpressen (extrudieren) @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a plastically deformable material, typically a polymer melt, is continuously forced by pressure through a shaping die to produce an endless strand with constant cross-section, which solidifies by cooling or curing.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem ein plastifizierter Werkstoff, meist eine Polymerschmelze, kontinuierlich unter Druck durch eine formgebende Düse gepresst wird und dabei einen Strang mit konstantem Querschnitt bildet, der durch Abkühlen oder Aushärten verfestigt wird. @de
example: Extrusion of PVC window profiles; extrusion of plastic films or pipes from polyethylene melt.

drawing forming
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.5
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.5 @de
label: Ziehformen @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a plastically deformable mass (for example fibre-reinforced resin or glass/plastic strands) is pulled through one or more shaping tools or dies so that the cross-section and surface are formed by tensile forces, while the material solidifies or cures to produce continuous profiles. It is conceptually related to pultrusion / profile drawing.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine plastisch verformbare Masse (z. B. faserverstärkte Harzsysteme oder glasige/kunststoffhaltige Stränge) durch Zugkräfte durch formgebende Düsen oder Werkzeuge gezogen wird, sodass Querschnitt und Oberfläche ausgebildet und der Werkstoff dabei verfestigt bzw. ausgehärtet wird. Das Verfahren ist verwandt mit dem Strangzieh- bzw. Pultrusionsverfahren. @de
example: Pultrusion of glass-fibre-reinforced polymer profiles; drawing of continuous fibre-reinforced rods through a heated die.

calendering
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.6
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.6 @de
label: Kalandrieren @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a viscous polymer melt or plastic mass is passed through the narrow gaps between several counter-rotating, polished rolls so that it is compressed and rolled out into sheet or film of defined thickness and surface quality, then cooled to solidify.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine zähflüssige Polymerschmelze oder plastische Masse durch enge Spalte zwischen mehreren gegenläufig rotierenden, polierten Walzen geführt wird, wodurch sie verdichtet und zu Platten oder Folien definierter Dicke und Oberflächenqualität ausgewalzt und anschließend verfestigt wird. @de
example: Calendering of plasticised PVC into rigid or flexible sheets and films; calendering of ABS sheet for thermoforming.

blow molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.7
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.7 @de
label: Blasformen @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a tube or preform of molten or plasticised material is enclosed in a mold and expanded by internal gas pressure so that it conforms to the mold cavity, producing hollow bodies which then solidify.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem ein Schlauch oder ein Vorformling aus geschmolzenem bzw. plastifizierten Werkstoff in ein Werkzeug eingelegt und durch inneren Gasdruck an die Formwand aufgeblasen wird, sodass ein Hohlkörper entsteht, der anschließend verfestigt wird. @de
example: Extrusion blow molding of HDPE bottles; stretch-blow molding of PET beverage containers; blow molding of fuel tanks for automotive applications.

modelling
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.8
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.8 @de
label: Modellieren @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a manually workable plastic mass (such as clay, wax, plastiline or gypsum paste) is shaped directly by hand and simple tools into a final or intermediate geometry and subsequently hardened, dried or fired to obtain a solid body.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine mit Hand und einfachen Werkzeugen formbare plastische Masse (z. B. Ton, Wachs, Plastilin oder Gipspaste) direkt zur gewünschten Geometrie modelliert und anschließend durch Trocknen, Brennen oder Aushärten zu einem festen Körper verfestigt wird. @de
example: Hand modelling of clay prior to firing (e.g. pottery, sculptures); modelling of wax or plasticine for casting patterns.

organization identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: identifier
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: organization
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: organization
definition: identifier that identifies an organization

location identification scheme
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: identification scheme that prescribes how unique identifiers of physical locations are formulated

agent
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000196
    some values from: agent role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000196
  some values from: agent role

organization
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: object aggregate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denoted by
    some values from: organization identifier
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: Person
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Formal Organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denoted by
  some values from: organization identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Person
definition source: OEO_00030022
definition: An organization is an immaterial entity that has the organisation role and there exists some sort of legal framework that recognises the entity and its continued existence.

agent role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000197
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      intersection of: material entity
      intersection of: Class
        complement of: fiat object part
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: acts on behalf of
      some values from: Class
        union of: Person
        union of: organization
definition: role that someone or something has when they act on behalf of a person, engineered system or a group of agents

yield
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition source: Adopted from ISO 21253-2:2019(en), 3.11
label: Erhalten @de
definition: Das Ergeben ist eine extensive Qualität, die das Material beschreibt, das bei bzw. nach einem Prozess oder Synthese-Schritt hergestellt bzw. erhalten wurde. @de
definition: The yield is an extensive quality describing the material that is produced by or obtained after a process or synthesis step.
example: Die Synthese gab ("yielded") das Produkt als weißes Pulver. @de
example: The synthesis yielded the product as a white powder.

yield percentage
type: Class
subclass of: yield
definition source: Adopted from ISO 1213-1:2020
label: Ausbeute (Prozent) @de
definition: Die Ausbeute (in Prozent) ist die Menge eines Produkts das aus einem Produktionsprozess erhalten wurde, ausgedrückt in Prozent der (stöchiometrisch) am stärksten limitierenden Größe. @de
definition: The yield percentage is the amount of a product that was obtained from a production process, expressed as a percentage of the (stoichiometrically) most limiting component.
example: Die Synthese ergab das Produkt als weißes Pulver mit einer Ausbeute von 75%. @de
example: The synthesis yielded the product as a white powder (75%).

yield mass
type: Class
subclass of: yield
definition source: In analogy to yield percentage
label: Ausbeute (Masse) @de
definition: Die Ausbeute (als Masse) beschreibt die Masse eines Produkts das aus einem Produktionsprozess erhalten wurde. @de
definition: The yield mass is a yield denoting the mass of a product that was obtained from a production process.
example: Die Synthese ergab das Produkt als weißes Pulver mit einer Ausbeute von 100 mg. @de
example: The synthesis yielded the product as a white powder (100 mg).

remove
type: Class
subclass of: process
label: Entfernen @de
definition: Der Vorgang, bei dem einer oder mehrere Teile einer Mischung entfernt werden, wobei mindestens ein Teil der Mischung zurückbleibt. @de
definition: Removing is a process that denotes the act of removing one or more constituents from a mixture, leaving at least one other constituent behind.
example: Das Lösungsmittel wurde im Vakuum entfernt. @de
example: The solvent was removed in vacuo.

sonication
type: Class
subclass of: process
label: Schallbehandlung @de
definition: Eine Technik, bei der Schall eingesetzt wird um die Komponenten einer Probe zu agitieren oder zu verteilen. @de
definition: Sonication is a process describing a technique that uses sound energy to agitate or disrupt the components of a sample.
example: Die Partikel wurden durch Schallbehandlung der Mischung dispergiert. @de
example: Sonication of the mixture resulted in the dispersion of the WCSOmaterial.

centrifuge
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: Adopted from OBI_0302886
comment: Adopted from OBI_0302886: Centrifugation is a process separating molecules by size or density using centrifugal forces generated by a spinning rotor. G-forces of several hundred thousand times gravity are generated in ultracentrifugation
label: Zentrifugieren @de
definition: A process for separating components of a mixture by density using centrifugal forces generated by a spinning rotor.
definition: Ein Prozess zur Trennung von Komponenten einer Mischung gemäß ihrer Dichte durch den Einfluss von Zentrifugalkräften eines sich drehenden Rotors. @de
example: Die WCSOpartikel wurden aus der Dispersion durch Zentrifugation abgetrennt. @de
example: The WCSOparticles were Adopted from ISOlated from the dispersion using centrifugation.

degas
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: CHMO_0002772
label: Entgasen @de
definition: A preparative step involving the removal of dissolved gases from a sample.
definition: Ein präparativer Schritt, bei dem gelöstes Gas aus einer Probe entfernt wird. @de
example: Das Lösungsmittel wurde im Vakuum entgast. @de
example: The solvent was degassed in vacuo.

precipitate
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: Adopted from ISO 11074:2015, 6.4.30
definition source: Adopted from ISO 23044:2020(en), 3.1.11
label: Ausfällen @de
definition: A process that involves the formation of separable solid products from a liquid solution or dispersion.
definition: Ein Prozess, bei dem abtrennbare Feststoffe aus einer flüssigen Lösung oder Dispersion erhalten werden. @de
example: Die WCSOpartikel wurden durch die Zugabe von Ethanol ausgefällt. @de
example: The WCSOparticles were precipitated by adding Ethanol.

wash
type: Class
subclass of: process
label: Waschen @de
definition: Ein Prozess, bei dem ein Material das als Verunreinigung aftritt unter Anwendung einer oder mehrerer Zyklen einer Lösung entfernt wird. @de
definition: Washing is a process by which a material entity acting as contaminant is removed by application of one or more cycles of solution.
example: Die WCSOpartikel wurden drei Mal mit Ethanol gewaschen um überschüssige Ausgangsmateriualien zu entfernen. @de
example: The WCSOparticles were washed three times with water to remove excess starting materials.

cool
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: cooling function
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: temperature change device
subclass of: heat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: cooling function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: temperature change device
definition source: CHMO_0001474
label: Abkühlen @de
definition: Der Transfer von Wärmeenergie von einer Probe in die Umegbung. @de
definition: The transfer of thermal energy from a sample to its surrounding environment.
example: Die Lösung wurde in einem Eisbad auf 0°C abgekühlt. @de
example: The solution was cooled to 0°C with an ice bath.

quench
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: Adopted from ISO 28401:2024
label: Stoppen (einer chemischen Reaktion) @de
definition: An action that results in stopping or significantly slowing down a physical process or a chemical reaction.
definition: Eine Technik, bei der ein physikalischer Prozess oder eine chemische Reaktion angehalten oder signifikant verlangsamt wird. @de
example: Die Reaktion wurde durch Wasserzugabe gestoppt. @de
example: The reaction was quenched through the addition of water.

heat
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Class
    union of: heating function
    union of: heat treatment function
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: temperature
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    union of: heat treatment device
    union of: temperature change device
    union of: heated magnetic stirrer
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Class
    union of: heating function
    union of: heat treatment function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: temperature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    union of: heat treatment device
    union of: temperature change device
    union of: heated magnetic stirrer
definition source: CHMO_0002770
label: Aufheizen @de
definition: A sample preparation step involving the increase in temperature of a sample.
definition: Ein präparativer Schritt, bei dem die Temperatur einer Probe erhöht wird. @de
example: Die Probe wurde auf 100°C geheizt. @de
example: The sample was heated to 100°C.

stir
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    union of: heated magnetic stirrer
    union of: stir fish
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    union of: heated magnetic stirrer
    union of: stir fish
label: Rühren @de
definition: A process that involves the mechanical agitation of a sample, typically in a circular motion.
definition: Ein Prozess, bei dem eine eine Probe mechanisch bewegt wird, typischerweise in einer kreisförmigen Bewegung. @de
example: Das Salz wurde unter Rühren aufgelöst. @de
example: The salt was dissolved under stirring.

mix
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: Adopted from ISO 1213-1:2020
label: Mischen @de
definition: Die Kombination von zwei oder mehr Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften. @de
definition: The combination of two or more materials of different characteristics.
example: Die beiden Lösungen wurden gemischt. @de
example: The two solutions were mixed.

dry
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: CHMO_0001549
label: Trocknen @de
definition: Ein Prozess, bei dem ein Lösungsmittel von einer Substanz entfernt wird. @de
definition: The process of removing a solvent from a substance.
example: Die WCSOpartikel wurden unter Vakuum bei 80°C getrocknet. @de
example: The WCSOparticles were dried under vacuum at 80°C.

add
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has process attribute
  some values from: addition rate
label: Hinzufügen @de
definition: Ein Prozess, bei dem eine physische Entität zu einer vorhandenen Entität oder Sammlung hinzugefügt wird. @de
definition: The process of adding a physical entity to an existing entity or collection.
example: Wasser wurde dem Kolben hinzugefügt. @de
example: Water was added to the flask.

filter
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: Adopted from ISO 1213-1:2020(en), 6.1.4
label: Filtern @de
definition: A process for separating solids from liquids by allowing the liquid to pass through a fine, porous mesh that retains the solids.
definition: Ein Prozess, bei dem Feststoffe von Flüssigkeiten abgetrennt werden, indem die Flüssigkeit durch ein feines, poröses Netzwerk geleitet wird, das die Feststoffe zurückhält. @de
example: Die Partikel wurden durch Filtration vfon der Lösung getrennt. @de
example: The particles were separated from the solution by filtration.

dissolve
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: CHMO_0002773
label: Auflösen @de
definition: A mixing step where a soluble component is mixed with a liquid component.
definition: Ein Mischungsschritt, bei dem eine lösliche Komponente mit einer flüssigen Komponente gemischt wird. @de
example: Das Salz wurde unter Rühren aufgelöst. @de
example: The salt was dissolved under stirring.

partition
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: Adopted from ISO/IEC 23094-2:2021(en), 3.38
label: Partitionierung @de
definition: A process, in which a substance is allowed to distribute between two or more immiscible phases at equilibrium.
definition: Ein Prozess, bei dem eine Substanz sich über zwei oder mehr Phasen im Gleichgewicht verteilen kann. @de
example: Das Salz partitionierte in die wässrige Phase. @de
example: The salt partitioned into the aqueous phase.

recover
type: Class
subclass of: process
label: Erhalten @de
definition: Ein Vorgang, bei dem eine Entität aus einer Sammlung anderer Entitäten erhalten wird. @de
definition: The act of obtaining an entity from a collection of other entities.
example: Die Partikel wurden durch Zentrifugation der Lösung erhalten. @de
example: The particles were recovered from the dispersion by centrifugation.

synthesize
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: “Synthesis.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthesis, Accessed 06/26/2025
label: Synthetisieren @de
definition: Die Herstellung einer Substanz durch die Vereinigung chemischer Elemente, Gruppen oder einfacherer Verbindungen oder durch den Abbau einer komplexen Verbindung. @de
definition: The production of a substance by the union of chemical elements, groups, or simpler compounds or by the degradation of a complex compound.
example: Die Partikel wurden gemäß einer zuvor publizierten Prozedur synthetisiert. @de
example: The particles were synthesized following a previously published procedure.

purify
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: Adopted from ISO/TS 23303:2020(en), 3.2.9
label: Aufbereitung @de
label: Veredelung @de
definition: Ein Prozess, bei dem Verunreinigungen und ungewünschte Komponenten entfernt werden. @de
definition: The process of eliminating impurities and undesired components.
example: Die Substanz wurde durch Waschen mit Wasser aufgereinigt. @de
example: The substance was purified by washing it with water.

extract
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: NCIT C61575
label: Extrahieren @de
definition: Der Vorgang des Adopted from ISOlierens, einschließlich des Prozesses, etwas aus einer Mischung oder Verbindung mit chemischen, physikalischen oder mechanischen Mitteln zu gewinnen. @de
definition: The act of pulling out, including the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means.
example: Die Verbindung wurde aus der wässrigen Phase mit Ether extrahiert. @de
example: The compound was extracted from the aqueous phase with ether.

adjust pH value
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: Adopted from ISO 21457:2010(en), 3.1.17
label: Anpassung pH-Wert @de
definition: Changing the activity of protons (Hydrogen ions) in solution by adding substances such as acids or bases that influence the acidity or basicity of the solution.
definition: Ändern der Protonenaktivität (Aktivität von Wasserstoffionen) in Lösung durch hinzufügen von Substanzen wie Säuren oder Basen, die den sauren oder basischen Charakter der Lösung ändern. @de
example: Der pH Wert wurde durch Zugabe 1 molarer Natronlauge auf 7 eingestellt. @de
example: The pH was adjusted to 7 by adding 1 molar sodium hydroxide solution.

concentrate
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: CHMO_0002771
label: Anreichern @de
definition: A preparative step where the concentration of one component is increased.
definition: Ein präparativer Schritt, bei dem die Konzentration einer Komponente erhöht wird. @de
example: Die Lösung wurde im Vakuum aufkonzentriert. @de
example: The solution was concentrated in vacuo.

repeat
type: Class
subclass of: process
label: Wiederholen @de
definition: Ein Prozess, bei dem eine vorige Aktion erneut ausgeführt wird. @de
definition: The process of conducting a previous action again.
example: Die Waschschritte wurden drei Mal wiederholt. @de
example: The washing steps were repeated three times.

quench chemically
type: Class
subclass of: add
definition: An action that results in stopping or significantly slowing down a physical process or a chemical reaction by adding a substance.
example: The reaction was quenched through the addition of water.

heated magnetic stirrer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Beheizbarer Magnetrührer @de
definition: A heated magnetic stirrer is a device that is used to heat and simultaneously stir liquids in a laboratory vessel by combining an integrated heating plate with a magnetic stirring mechanism, thereby ensuring both controlled temperature and uniform mixing.
definition: Ein beheizbarer Magnetrührer ist ein Gerät, das dazu verwendet wird, Flüssigkeiten in einem Laborgefäß gleichzeitig zu erhitzen und zu rühren, indem es eine integrierte Heizplatte mit einem magnetischen Rührmechanismus kombiniert und so sowohl eine kontrollierte Temperatur als auch eine gleichmäßige Durchmischung gewährleistet. @de

stir fish
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Rührfisch @de
definition: A stir fish is a device that is used to stir liquids in a laboratory vessel by means of a rotating magnetic field, enabling homogeneous mixing without direct mechanical contact.
definition: Ein Rührfisch ist ein Gerät, das dazu verwendet wird, Flüssigkeiten in einem Laborgefäß durch ein rotierendes Magnetfeld zu rühren, wodurch eine homogene Durchmischung ohne direkten mechanischen Kontakt ermöglicht wird. @de

concentration
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
label: Die Konzentration ist eine intensive Eigenschaft, die die Menge eines Stoffes im Verhältnis zum Volumen eines Gemisches oder einer Lösung angibt. @de
label: Konzentration @de
definition: A concentration is an intensive quality that denotes the amount of a substance relative to the volume of a mixture or solution.

mass concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration
label: Massenkonzentration @de
definition: A mass concentration is a concentration that denotes the mass of a substance per unit volume of a mixture or solution.
definition: Die Massenkonzentration ist eine Konzentration, die die Masse eines Stoffes pro Volumeneinheit eines Gemisches oder einer Lösung angibt. @de

molar mass
type: Class
subclass of: mass
label: Molare Masse @de
definition: Die Molare Masse ist eine universelle intensive Größe, die das Verhältnis aus Masse zu Stoffmenge eines Stoffes beschreibt. @de
definition: The molar mass is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit amount of substance.

molar amount
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
label: Molmenge @de
definition: Die Molmenge ist eine extensive Eigenschaft, die die Stoffmenge in Mol angibt. @de
definition: The molar amount is an extensive quality that denotes the quantity of substance expressed in moles.

container
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Behälter @de
definition: A container is a device that is used to hold, store, or transport substances or objects.
definition: Ein Behälter ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Stoffe oder Objekte aufzunehmen, zu lagern oder zu transportieren. @de

rotation speed
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
comment: The possibly corresponding unit "Revolution per Minute" is a unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as rev/min. One revolution per minute is equivalent to 1/60 hertz. Alternative symbols to be used may be “RPM”, "r/min”, and “rpm”.
label: Rotationsgeschwindigkeit @de
alternative label: Drehgeschwindigkeit @de
definition: A rotation speed is a process characteristic that denotes the number of rotations per unit time of a rotating object.
definition: Die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit ist eine Prozesseigenschaft, die die Anzahl der Umdrehungen pro Zeiteinheit eines rotierenden Objekts angibt. @de
example: The rotation speed during a stirring process was 400 revolutions per minute (qudt:REV-PER-MIN).

flow rate
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
label: Durchsatz @de
alternative label: Durchflussmenge @de
definition: A flow rate is a process characteristic that denotes the volume of a substance passing per unit time.
definition: Die Flussrate ist eine Prozesseigenschaft, die das Volumen eines Stoffes angibt, das pro Zeiteinheit fließt. @de

CAS number
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
comment: The CAS number may provide a globally accepted identifier for chemical substances.
label: CAS Nummer @de
definition: Die CAS-Nummer ist ein Identifikator, der einen eindeutigen numerischen Code bezeichnet, der von dem Chemical Abstracts Service einer chemischen Substanz zugewiesen wird. @de
definition: The CAS number is an identifier that denotes a unique numerical code assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to a chemical substance.

addition rate
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
comment: What it measures: the added quantity (mass, amount of substance, volume, count, etc.) per time. What it does not necessarily mean: it is not automatically “net increase” of the system (that would be a net change rate). Addition rate is about the incoming addition action itself.
label: Zugaberate @de
alternative label: Additionsrate @de
definition: An addition rate is a process attribute that characterizes an addition process by specifying the ratio of the quantity added to the duration over which it is added.
definition: Die Zugaberate ist ein Prozessattribut, das einen Zugabeprozess dadurch charakterisiert, dass es das Verhältnis der zugegebenen Menge zur Zeitdauer angibt, über die diese Zugabe erfolgt. @de
example: Typical units: kg/s, mol/s, m³/h, items/min, etc.
example: Typische Einheiten: kg/s, mol/s, m³/h, Stück/min usw. @de

dispersive system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
label: Dispersives System @de
definition: A dispersive system is a multiphase mixture in which one phase (the dispersed phase) is finely distributed within another phase (the continuous phase).
definition: Ein disperses System ist ein mehrphasiges Gemisch, bei dem eine Phase (die disperse Phase) fein in einer anderen Phase (der kontinuierlichen Phase) verteilt ist. @de

heating rate
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
comment: Die Heizrate kann für einen Prozess als Parameter festgelegt und / oder gemessen werden @de
comment: The heating rate can be set as a parameter for a process and/or measured.
label: Heizrate @de
definition: A heating rate is a process attribute that describes the speed at which the temperature of an object or system changes per unit of time.
definition: Eine Heizrate ist ein Prozessattribut, welches die Geschwindigkeit beschreibt, mit der sich die Temperatur eines Objekts oder Systems pro Zeiteinheit ändert. @de

head
type: NamedIndividual
type: Role
label: director ejecutivo @es
label: directora ejecutiva @es
label: responsabile @it
label: responsable @fr

bravais lattice triclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bainite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

austenite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

ferrite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

ledeburite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

pearlite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

widmanstatten structure
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

martensite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state solid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds between entities transmit shear forces.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state liquid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds of the entities transmit no shear force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state gaseous
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the entities have no bonding.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state plasma
type: NamedIndividual
definition: An aggregate state where the entities are atom nuclei and have no bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state atom gas
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state supercritical fluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with strong bindings between entities that do not transmit shear force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state mesomorphic
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state suprafluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entities.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state suprasolid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

short range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: periodic arrangement of structural features up to a few entities

medium range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: periodic arrangement of structural features of many entities

long range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: periodic arrangement of structural features of virtually all entities

no range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: no periodic arrangement of structural features of entites

GS1 GLN Specifications
type: NamedIndividual
type: location identification scheme
comment: https://www.gs1.org/standards/id-keys/gln
definition: identification scheme that specifies constraints on the structure of a GLN (global location number)

example to be eventually removed

failed exploratory term
textual definition: The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job

metadata complete
textual definition: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.

organizational term
textual definition: Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release

ready for release
textual definition: Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."

metadata incomplete
textual definition: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
textual definition: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

pending final vetting
textual definition: All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.

placeholder removed

terms merged
editor note: An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.

term imported
editor note: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.

term split
editor note: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.

universal
editor note: Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
definition source: A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf

defined class
textual definition: A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
editor note: "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.

named class expression
textual definition: A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
editor note: named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions

to be replaced with external ontology term
textual definition: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
definition source: group:OBI

requires discussion
textual definition: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
definition source: group:OBI

out of scope
textual definition: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77

Axiom
annotated source: mole fraction
annotated property: textual definition
annotated target: A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia

Axiom
annotated source: mass percentage
annotated property: textual definition
annotated target: A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia

Axiom
annotated source: mass volume percentage
annotated property: textual definition
annotated target: A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture.
has cross-reference: UOC:GVG

dc:license

Martin Glauer

Jörg Waitelonis

Fabian Neuhaus

Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi

Lars Vogt

Henk Birkholz

Simon Stier

Thomas Hanke

Kostiantyn Hubaiev

Philipp von Hartrott